【正文】 ate stock quotes and quarterly and annual reports on the Web. Web Peration and Use: The Experience of Leading Real Estate Firms We conducted a limited survey of a sample of leading realestate related firms in the US and California. Responses from approximately 60 of these firms showed that over fourfifths had Web Sites by March 1999. 2 Of those with Web sites, onethird had inaugurated their sites by the end of 1996. Among the earliest with a Web presence were brokers, investment firms, lenders, business and financial services firms, law firms, residential developers, and a trade anization. Another third of the group were newers, with sites inaugurated in 1998 or early 1999. Commercial developers were prominent among this group, with residential developers, consultants and advisors, lenders, REITs and investment firms also among this group. Those without sites were more likely to be privately held firms with a relatively narrow base of activity (for example, a mercial developer centered in the San Francisco Bay Area)? Most with Web sites used their site to provide information about The Inter is Applicated in Real Estaten 8 the pany and to market services. In addition, about onethird marketed property from their site, providing detailed information on the characteristics of buildings available, surrounding munities, and other related data. Other Web site uses include employee recruiting, providing information for members or investors, and disseminating related information on topics such as regulations or real estate markets. What does the Web specifically do for Real Estate? According to Activemedia, an inter research pany, some of the sectors experiencing the greatest growth in terms of their presence on the Web in 1998 were puter hardware and software, real estate, publishing and information, finance and Inter services. A significant initial motivation for this rush for the Web is provided by, what can be termed, the tiptoe effect. The first ones on the Web had an additional advantage over those who did not。Lowering of Commissions of Comparison Shopping and Direct Sales to MBS Secondary Market How to Find the Real Estate Sector on the Web There are a few key sites that can be used to access the broad range of realestate related Web sites. These include: sponsored by the National Association of Realtors, linking users to realtor, home sales and market information. sponsored by the National Association of Home Builders, providing a wide range of market information. to mercial real estate sites, including brokers,developers, investors and analysts. and , two sites that provide users with information about mortgage rates, mortgage brokers and with the opportunity to submit an application online. (National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts) and (Real Estate Investment The Inter is Applicated in Real Estaten 11 Advisory Council), two associations related to real estate investment trusts. California Association of Realtors site. site for the Urban Land Institute, with information on the anization, programs, conferences, and publications related to real estate and land use. has three online magazines including National Real Estate Investor, Shopping Center World, and Midwest Real Estate News. An additional real estate online magazine, can available at . Ashok Deo Bardhan RESEARCH FELLOW Cynthia A. Kroll REGIONAL ECONOMIST The Inter is Applicated in Real Estaten 12 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的應(yīng)用 摘要 ： 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，僅僅它的網(wǎng)頁圖形版本，就已經(jīng)吸引了眾多消費(fèi)者和商家的目光。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)； 房地產(chǎn) ； 產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)用 從 1995 年到 1999 年初，電腦主機(jī)的數(shù)量增長超過 10 倍，從 1995 年至 1998 年，網(wǎng)站數(shù)量增加了將近 100 倍，超過 200 萬。間接的是，它可能改變方位模式，企業(yè)何地或怎樣辦公，那么最終將影響公司參與房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)、投資和交易這個(gè)角色。 從電子郵件到電子商務(wù) The Inter is Applicated in Real Estaten 13 在萬維網(wǎng)到來之前，因特網(wǎng)的存在主要目的是為了電子郵件、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、新聞組和公告牌?？萍紝㈦娨晩蕵?、圖書館信息、新聞通告、通信、數(shù)據(jù)帶到了一個(gè)桌面上。第一種類型是簡單的信息傳播。 絕大多數(shù)商業(yè)網(wǎng)站目前處 于第二種類型。這些信息有助于改進(jìn)測量措施的結(jié)果。 下一步，一個(gè)發(fā)展成熟的有交易能力和貿(mào)易往來的辦公室或商店在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上以不同的角度正嘗試著，這取決于公司經(jīng)營的領(lǐng)域。 消費(fèi)者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用 根據(jù)消費(fèi)者使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的調(diào)查表明：一個(gè)網(wǎng)站不能因?yàn)橐恍﹤鹘y(tǒng)商業(yè)形式的業(yè)務(wù)而代替，但是可以大大方便了最后交易的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。大部分在線購買傾向于產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 —— 有五分之四的頂級產(chǎn)品是通過網(wǎng)上購買的，根據(jù)調(diào)查，他們是軟件、圖書、五金、音樂（第五是旅行用品）。大多數(shù)受過大學(xué)教育的占到 65％， 42％的受訪者已經(jīng)訪問過房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站。即使是利用高級的搜索引擎，在網(wǎng)上找到相關(guān)的信息也并不容易，甚至不可能。第二，很多公司最初引導(dǎo)的少之又少。紐約城市房地產(chǎn)指南網(wǎng)站成立于 1994 年夏天，是第一批提供免費(fèi)使用最新的紐約地產(chǎn)資訊的網(wǎng)站。網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容以及網(wǎng)站上相關(guān)房地產(chǎn)公司的信息隨著時(shí)間的推移而不斷更新。那就是潛在的顧客可以找出出售、出租、查找詳細(xì)描述每一個(gè)上市、照片和樓面布置圖，并通過電子郵件聯(lián)系經(jīng)紀(jì)人等功能。的確，由于分散、局部性質(zhì)的信息在房地產(chǎn)中扮演的角色，從信息傳播和可比性中得到預(yù)期的收益，在房地產(chǎn)網(wǎng)站中，網(wǎng)站鏈接在房地產(chǎn)中是特別重要的。對網(wǎng)上房地產(chǎn)企業(yè)來說，活動包括住宅搜索，住房的細(xì)節(jié)，定價(jià)信息（包括房屋和抵押貸款）和與經(jīng)紀(jì)人保持聯(lián)系。抵押貸款者、購房者和尋找假期租房者都稱贊其有效，特別是在研究，尋找、比較、貿(mào)易、交 換等業(yè)務(wù)，The Inter is Applicated in Real Estaten 17 在這個(gè)過程中所帶來的便利。上市公司在網(wǎng)站上提供最新的股票報(bào)價(jià)、季度、年度報(bào)告。另外三分之一是新加入者，在 1998年和 1999 年初開始的。此外，在他們的網(wǎng)站上大約有三分之一的市場產(chǎn)權(quán)，對建筑的可利用性，周邊社區(qū)以及其他相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)提供詳細(xì)信息。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有一個(gè)額外的優(yōu)勢戰(zhàn)勝那些沒有網(wǎng)站的，那就 是他們的服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品、房屋列表等這些信息可以很方便的存儲在電腦中，而且安裝費(fèi)用很低。其特點(diǎn)如下： 增加地理覆蓋 網(wǎng)站戲劇化的加大了買家和賣家兩者的地理覆蓋。在最先進(jìn)的形式，網(wǎng)站上現(xiàn)在允許有潛力的買主查看房屋，度假村，旅館和會議中心。網(wǎng)站由于交易成本降低這個(gè)特點(diǎn)，使互動能力、在線計(jì)算、在線應(yīng)用程序、不斷網(wǎng)站更新這類交易功能成為可能。 不像零售行業(yè)，例如書籍和計(jì)算機(jī)硬件，網(wǎng)站還沒有對許多房地產(chǎn)公司這個(gè)“中間人”角色構(gòu)成威脅。同樣，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)被看作能夠分權(quán)的辦公空間。 網(wǎng)站由全國房屋協(xié)會創(chuàng)建 ,提供了廣泛的市場信息。 是加利福尼亞房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會的網(wǎng)站。 阿肖克勞巴德漢 研究員 辛西亞期貨交易