【正文】 of all the 2010 is also the first version of the Incoterms rules to make all references to buyers and sellers broad expertise of ICC39。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 同時(shí)也是第一個(gè)使得所有在買賣雙方中的適用保持中立的第一個(gè)國際 貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋版本。 Incoterms 規(guī)則 所選的 Incoterms 規(guī)則需要與貨物，采取的運(yùn)輸方式相適宜，最重要的是合同雙方是否意欲添加額外的義 example such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is particularly helpful when making this Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware the interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being your place or port as precisely as possible The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place or port as precisely as good example of such precision would be:： “FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms 2010”.Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW), Free Carrier(FCA), Delivered at Terminal(DAT), Delivered at Place(DAP), Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),.例如將辦理運(yùn)輸或保險(xiǎn)的義務(wù)加于買方或賣方。地點(diǎn)或港口名稱越精準(zhǔn)，Inconterms 規(guī)則越有效。4..謹(jǐn)記 Incoterms 規(guī)則并沒有給當(dāng)事人提供一份完整的銷售合同 Incoterm 規(guī)則確有闡述銷售合同中當(dāng)事人的特定義務(wù)，當(dāng)賣方將貨物運(yùn)至買方時(shí)，辦理運(yùn)輸和保險(xiǎn)義務(wù)的 承擔(dān)。Main features of the Incoterm?2010 rules new Incoterms rules — DAT and DAP— have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 to has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport — DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place — for the incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and ?2010 的主要特征，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原來 Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 術(shù)語。in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading(as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules).The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once , the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DES once new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs(other than those related to import clearance, where applicable)and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of rules DAT 和 DAP 術(shù)語都規(guī)定需在指定地點(diǎn)交貨：在 DAT 情況下，從運(yùn)輸工具上卸下貨物交由買方處置（這和 先前的 DEQ 術(shù)語一樣）；在 DAP 情況下同樣交由買方處置，但需做好卸貨的準(zhǔn)備（這和先前的 DAF,DES 和 DDU 術(shù)語一樣）。這兩個(gè)新的術(shù)語，和先前 的幾個(gè)術(shù)語一樣，是由賣方承擔(dān)所有費(fèi)用（除了與進(jìn)口清算有關(guān)的費(fèi)用）和貨物到達(dá)目的地前的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。謹(jǐn)記只要運(yùn)輸中一個(gè)部分運(yùn)用過船只便可 以適用此類術(shù)語。這更準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)現(xiàn)實(shí)，避了以往風(fēng)險(xiǎn)圍繞船舷這條虛擬垂線來回?fù)u擺。所以，Incoterms?2010 在一些地方明確規(guī)定，只有在適當(dāng)?shù)?時(shí)候，才有義務(wù)遵從進(jìn)口或者出口的手續(xù)。 NotesBefore each Incoterms? 2010 rule you will find a Guidance Guidance Notes explain the fundamentals of each Incoterms rule, such as when it should be used, when risk passes, and how costs are allocated between seller and Guidance Notes are not part of the actual Incoterms? 2010 rules, but are intended to help the user accurately and efficiently steer towards the appropriate Incoterms rule for a particular ．引言在 Incoterms?2010 的每條規(guī)則前面，都有一條引言。然而 Incoterms?規(guī)則 2010 中的 A1/B1 賦予電子通信方式和紙質(zhì)通訊相同的效果，只要締約雙方同意或存在國際慣例。這些條 款已經(jīng)從更為普通的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語 2000 中 A10/B10 的文章中刪除。雖然運(yùn)費(fèi)是由賣方支付的，但因?yàn)檫\(yùn)費(fèi)一般被賣方包含在銷售價(jià)格中所以實(shí)際上運(yùn)費(fèi)是由買方支付的。 salesIn the sale of modities, as opposed to the sale of manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold several times during transit “down a string” when this happens, a seller in the middle of the string don’t have to ship the goods because these have already been shipped by the first seller in the seller in the middle of the string therefore performs its obligations towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by “procuring” goods that have been clarification purposes, Incoterms? 2010 rules include the obligation to “procure goods shipped” as an alternative to the obligation to ship goods in the relevant Incoterms 與工業(yè)制成品的銷售不同，在農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品的銷售中，貨物經(jīng)常在沿銷售鏈運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中被頻繁銷售多次。RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPORT Variants of Incoterms rulesSometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms Incoterms 2010 rules do not prohibit such alteration, but there are dangers in so order to avoid any unwele surprises, the parties would need to make the intended effect of such alterations extremely clear in their , for example, if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 rules is altered in the contract, the parties should also clearly state whether they intend to vary the point at which the risk passes from seller to 國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的變體貿(mào)易各方有時(shí)因各自需要意圖修改某一國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語規(guī)則的適用。Status of this introductionThis introduction gives general information on the use and interpretation of the Incoterms 2010 rules, but does not form part of those 本導(dǎo)言只是對(duì)《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010》的用途和解釋的概括提示，并不是這些的組成部分。但出于引導(dǎo)輔助（使用者）理解的考慮，編者還是 占用了以下篇幅對(duì)從《規(guī)則》中選取的幾個(gè)術(shù)語進(jìn)行闡釋。但是，在《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010》中，交貨用 來表明在貨物由賣方向買方轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中毀損風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在何處轉(zhuǎn)移。但是對(duì)于 EXW，F(xiàn)CA，F(xiàn)AS 和 FOB，交貨單只是一種收據(jù)。Incoterms2010 中并不涉 及集裝箱內(nèi)貨物的理倉義務(wù)，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)在銷售合同中予以確定。而且，這種在國際貿(mào)易中新興的付款方式近年來已被美、歐及香港地區(qū)多數(shù)國際知名大銀行所廣泛采用，其發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)將全面取代國際貿(mào)易中傳統(tǒng)的付款方式“跟單信用證”。MT760：是銀行保函的通知函，這個(gè)通知函是根據(jù)合同第九章和附件四內(nèi)容開立的，是用來保護(hù)買方和買方銀行的（見附件三、四）。MT760通知函包含以下內(nèi)容：XYZ有效；；XYZ規(guī)定完成交貨并按合同第九章和附件四規(guī)定提供全部付款文件。保函注明“無條件的，不可撤消的，保兌的，全款的”是根據(jù)ICC458保護(hù)賣方在保函到期前能收到全額貨款，但是在保函到期前，賣方?jīng)]有完成合同所規(guī)定的相關(guān)條款，即MT760通知函中根據(jù)ICC500所規(guī)定的相關(guān)條款，賣方是索取不到任何貨款的。CIF:到岸價(jià)格 FOB:離岸價(jià)格LOI格式：LOI 采購意向書格式LETTER OF INTENT(LOI)We,______________________, hereby that we are ready willing and able under the act of perjury to purchase the following modity as specified below and that funding is ，______________________，在此，我們準(zhǔn)備好了愿意并且能夠依據(jù)偽證法購買下列商品和資金是可用的PRODUCT: 產(chǎn)品SPECIFICATIONS: 規(guī)格QUANTITY: 數(shù)量DESTINATION PORT: 目的端口DELIVERY TERMS: 交貨條件SIZE OF SHIPMENT: 裝運(yùn)的大小PACKING: 包裝DISCHARGE RATE IN PORT DESTINATION: 在目的港卸貨率TERMS OF PAYMENT: 付款條件：PERFORMANCE BOND: 履約保證金：1BANK COORDINATES: 銀行坐標(biāo)：1TARGET PRICE: 目標(biāo)價(jià)格：1COMPANY DETAILS：公司詳情