【正文】 ................ 61 一、 職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章 （理工類(lèi)） 譯文 (參加綜合 A、 B、 C 級(jí)考試需要掌握文章 ) 第一篇 福特放棄電動(dòng)汽車(chē) 分析人士評(píng)論，福特汽車(chē)公司放棄電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的舉動(dòng)有力地證明了這種技術(shù)是行不通的。 3 年前，福特推出名為 Think City 的雙排座汽車(chē)和 Think 或 Think Neighbor 系列高爾夫車(chē)。 豐田和日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)公司是現(xiàn)在僅存的兩在電動(dòng)車(chē)制造商。 日本本田和豐田公司推出的混合機(jī)汽車(chē)在過(guò)去幾年取得了良好的銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)。六月份通用和戴姆勒克萊斯勒公司贏得一項(xiàng)法庭裁決，可推遲兩年執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)加州法令，該法令要求汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)商在 20xx 年前向該州提供 10 萬(wàn)輛 零排放和其他低排放汽車(chē)。 伊布赫姆其中最著名的預(yù)測(cè)模型之一是赫伯特模型。這一模型從此受到歡迎，已經(jīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)世界石油生產(chǎn)?？菩聳|方在線 [ ] 20xx 職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)化班網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 閱讀理解中文朗讀 5 學(xué)家使用新模型評(píng)估了 47 個(gè)主要產(chǎn)油國(guó)家的石油生產(chǎn)趨勢(shì)，這 47 個(gè)國(guó)家是世界常規(guī)原油的主要提供者。 Energy amp。 但是生態(tài)學(xué)家不可能去到世界的各個(gè)角落 ，所以他們向非科學(xué)家求助，這些非科學(xué)家有時(shí)也被稱(chēng)作公民科學(xué)家。公民科學(xué)家運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)普通人根據(jù)自己的興趣來(lái)觀察某一個(gè)特定的方面 ——鳥(niǎo)兒 、 樹(shù)木 、 花開(kāi)等等 ——并把他們的觀察結(jié)果發(fā)送到一個(gè)巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)供專(zhuān)業(yè)科學(xué)家研究。 一群科學(xué)家和教育家在去年發(fā)起了一個(gè)叫做紐約國(guó)家物候?qū)W的組織。參與這一項(xiàng) 目的人們 ——這一計(jì)劃對(duì)所有人開(kāi)放 ——把他們的觀察記錄在花季追蹤計(jì)劃網(wǎng)站上。 ” Citizen Scientists Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring—all around the world. But ecologists can?t be everywhere so they?re turning to nonscientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help. Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they?re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyperlocal beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that?s needed to bee one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in. A group of scientists and educators launched an anization last year called the National Phenology Network. “Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature. One of the group?s first efforts relies on scientists and nonscientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of mon plants from across the United States. People participating in the project—which is open to everyone—record their observations on the Project BudBurst website. “People don?t have to be plant experts they just have to look around and see what?s in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “ As we collect this data, we?ll be able to make an estimate of how plants and munities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes. ” 第四篇 汽車(chē) 技術(shù) 每年，全世界有 120 萬(wàn)起路面交通死亡事故，以及五千萬(wàn)起路面交通傷殘事故。一項(xiàng)在機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)安全前沿領(lǐng)域的研究是有關(guān)車(chē)內(nèi)數(shù)字化輔助設(shè)施的。 一些行車(chē)安全方面的改 進(jìn)力圖改善司機(jī)的視野。 從礦物燃料中提取的汽油的替代物，例如植物油，也是研究中的一個(gè)熱門(mén)區(qū)域。 當(dāng)發(fā)生車(chē)禍時(shí)，這些通訊系統(tǒng)也可起作用，自動(dòng)地呼叫幫助。被編程的機(jī)器人可使交通流動(dòng)更順暢，并有朝一日有望成為每個(gè)人的私家司機(jī)。并且咖啡因作為一種刺激物會(huì)打斷褪黑激素的流動(dòng)。加利福尼亞斯坦福大學(xué)的斯坦福睡眠流行病學(xué)研究中心的 Maurice Ohayon說(shuō)： “控制我們睡眠是神經(jīng)激素，它告訴我們的身體什么時(shí)候睡覺(jué)什么時(shí)候醒。 Shilo測(cè)量了褪黑激素分解物的濃度。 Latenight Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pickmeup” cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 . and 4 ., before falling again. “It?s the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake, ” says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body?s levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, pared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off4—twice as long as usual—and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicinc, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon remends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. 第六篇 編制燈光 在墨西哥中西部的馬德雷山脈，維克人過(guò)著與祖先類(lèi)似的生活 —— 他們不是用電，因?yàn)樵谒麄兙幼〉钠h(yuǎn)山區(qū)架設(shè)電線成本太大?？茖W(xué)家的技術(shù)將小小的電晶體編入紡織品內(nèi)，紡織品可以做成衣服、袋子和其他物品?？夏岬戏Q(chēng)，移動(dòng)光源有可能改變?nèi)澜缬貌簧想姷娜藗兊纳?。這種溫度下，燈泡發(fā)出我們能看到的光。 而發(fā)光二極管如同由按照晶體結(jié)構(gòu)排列的分子組成的小塊石頭，電流通過(guò)發(fā)光二極管新東方在線 [ ] 20xx 職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)化班網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 閱讀理解中文朗讀 9 時(shí)，晶體結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)發(fā)光。s because it39。s energy during the day, these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night. Their inventors have named the fabrics Portable Lights. Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity .around the world, says project leader Sheila Kennedy. Our invention, Kennedy says, came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn39。這個(gè)過(guò)程通常依賴(lài)于貴金屬，比如鉑。 Minteer 與同樣來(lái)自圣路易斯大學(xué)的 TamaraKlotzbach 現(xiàn)在研制了一種聚合物，它能包裹酶并將其保存在用顯微鏡才能看見(jiàn)的袋子里。含糖液體中的葡萄糖進(jìn)入袋子時(shí)，酶將其氧化，釋放出電子和質(zhì)子。 伊利諾斯大學(xué) UrbanaChampaign 校區(qū)的化學(xué)工程師 Paul Kenis 指出，目前這種新型燃料細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生不了多少電能，但它們確實(shí)產(chǎn)生了電，這一事實(shí)令人激動(dòng)。 目前，科學(xué)家們正試圖利用別的能從糖中產(chǎn)生更多電的酶