【正文】 物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)的探討生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)的探討【摘 要】“雙語教學(xué)”是21世紀(jì)全球教育改革的重要內(nèi)容之一，在醫(yī)學(xué)院校推行生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)具有多方面的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。從目前的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)和科研工作來看，語言不足已成為國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)外交流的障礙，由于專業(yè)英語語言能力不足，許多優(yōu)秀的科研成果得不到國外同行的認(rèn)可和共享；從教學(xué)角度看，國外醫(yī)學(xué)教材如果經(jīng)過翻譯再在教學(xué)中使用，會(huì)造成學(xué)生獲取新知識(shí)的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于知識(shí)更新的周期。一 雙語教學(xué)的定義所謂雙語教學(xué)，是指以母語和一門外語兩種語言作為教學(xué)用語的教學(xué)模式。這種類型的教學(xué)模式要求完全用外語進(jìn)行教學(xué)，母語不用于教學(xué)中，使學(xué)生完全沉浸于弱勢語言中。（3）保留式雙語教學(xué)。面對(duì)公眾健康問題和越來越嚴(yán)峻的全球疫病防疫形勢，人們逐漸意識(shí)到跨越國界的國際醫(yī)療合作的重要性，對(duì)醫(yī)療從業(yè)人員的知識(shí)、能力結(jié)構(gòu)提出了新的要求。同時(shí)，英語國家在醫(yī)學(xué)生物化學(xué)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)科發(fā)展、學(xué)術(shù)交流及科研方法等方面處于主流地位，可作為生物化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)、進(jìn)修及培訓(xùn)的理想國家，這也使得用英語開展生物化學(xué)雙語教學(xué)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。既使有些老師在課前做了細(xì)致的準(zhǔn)備，在課堂上能夠把課件上的內(nèi)容流利地講述出來，但遇到與同學(xué)互動(dòng)的環(huán)節(jié)，回答學(xué)生提問時(shí)，由于受到語言的限制，很難用英語應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件。2．學(xué)生方面學(xué)生的外語水平也是決定雙語教學(xué)能否順利進(jìn)行的一個(gè)重要因素。學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)對(duì)提高雙語教學(xué)課堂效率非常重要。在教學(xué)方法上，我們應(yīng)著眼于現(xiàn)代化，構(gòu)建集課堂教學(xué)、多媒體教學(xué)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)為一體的多維立體教學(xué)平臺(tái)，充分利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)手段，制作雙語CAI課件，使之具有雙語性特點(diǎn)，做到關(guān)鍵詞、主要內(nèi)容有英漢對(duì)照，并有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文發(fā)音。also an important ponent of the cytoskeleton of many eukaryotic energy(ΔG*)（活化能）: The amount of energy(in joules)required to convert all the molecules in 1 mole of a reacting substance from the ground state to the transition :（活化物、激活劑）(1)A DNAbinding protein that positively regulates the expression of one or more genes。cyclic monophosphate: See cyclic diphosphate: See triphosphate: See :（脂肪細(xì)胞）An animal cell specialized for the storage of fats(triacylglycerols).Adipose tissue:（脂肪組織）Connective tissue specialized for the storage of large amounts of (adenosine diphosphate): A ribonucleoside diphosphate serving as phosphate group acceptor in the cell energy :（需氧生物）An organism that lives in air and uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor in : Requiring or occurring in the presence of fermentation:（乙醇發(fā)酵）The anaerobic conversion of glucose to ethanol via also :（醛糖）A simple sugar in which the carbonyl carbon atom is an aldehyde。hydroxyl group of its corresponding acids:（氨基酸）an Aminosubstituted carboxylic acids, the building blocks of residue:（氨基末端殘基）The only amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain with a free aamino group。atoe39。usually coupled to some process requiring :（弱化子）An RNA sequence involved in regulating the expression of certain genes。s body at plete rest, long after a pair:（堿基對(duì)）Two nucleotides in nucleic acid chains that are paired by hydrogen bonding of their bases。 calorie(cal)equals joules(J).Calvin cycle:（Calvin循環(huán)）The cyclic pathway used by plants to fix carbon dioxide and produce triose : See cyclic receptor protein(CRP):（cAMP受體蛋白）A specific regulatory protein that controls initiation of transcription of the genes producing the enzymes required for a bacterial cell to use some other nutrient when glucose is called catabolite gene activator protein(CAP)，: See catabolite gene activator :（衣殼）The protein coat of a virion or virus :（碳負(fù)離子）A negatively charged carbon :（碳正離子）A positively charged carbon atom。s sensing of and movement toward, or away from, a specific chemical :（化能生物）An organism that obtains energy by metabolizing organic pounds derived from other center:（手性中心）An atom with substituents arranged so that the molecule is not superimposable on its mirror pound:（手性化合物）A pound that contains an asymmetric center(chiral atom or chiral center)and thus can occur in two nonsuperimposable mirrorimage forms(enantiomers).Chlorophylls:（葉綠素）A family of green pigments functioning as receptors of light energy in photosynthesis。also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid :（克?。㏕he descendants of a single : The production of large numbers of identical DNA molecules, cells, or organisms, from a single ancestral DNA molecule, cell, or system:（封閉系統(tǒng)）A system that exchanges neither matter nor energy with the also :（鈷胺素）See cozyme :（密碼子）A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in a nucleic acid that codes for a specific amino :（輔酶）An organic cofactor required for the action of certain enzymes。a petitive inhibitor generally petes with the normal substrate or ligand for a protein39。for example, Cu+(donor)and Cu2+(acceptor), or NADH(donor)and NAD+(acceptor).Conjugated protein:（結(jié)合蛋白質(zhì)）A protein containing one or more prosthetic sequence:（一致序列）A DNA or amino acid sequence consisting of the residues that occur most monly at each position within a set of similar substitution:（保守性置換）Replacement of an amino acid residue in a polypeptide by another residue with similar properties。its formation by adenylyl cyclase is stimulated by certain hormones or other molecular electron flow:（循環(huán)電子流）In chloroplasts, the lightinduced flow of electrons originating from and returning to photosystem photophosphorylation:（循環(huán)光合磷酸化）ATP synthesis driven by cyclic electron flow through photosystem :（細(xì)胞周期蛋白）One of a family of proteins that activate cyclindependent protein kinases and thereby regulate the cell :（細(xì)胞色素）Heme proteins serving as electron carriers in respiration, photosynthesis, and other oxidationreduction :（細(xì)胞因子）One of a family of small secreted proteins(such as interleukins or interferons)that activate cell division or differentiation by binding to plasma membrane receptors in sensitive :（胞質(zhì)分裂）The final separation of daughter cells following :（細(xì)胞質(zhì)）The portion of a cell39。excludes the organelles such as Dalton:（道爾頓）The weight of a single hydrogen atom( x I024 g).Dark reactions:（暗反應(yīng)）See carbonassimilation novo pathway:（從頭合成）Pathway for synthesis of a biomolecule, such as a nucleotide, from simple precursors。describing a cell with two chromosomes of each 。phosphodiester bonds。triphosphate replicase system：（DNA復(fù)制酶系統(tǒng)）The entire plex of enzymeH and specialized proteins required in biological DNA supercoiling:（DNA超螺旋化）The coiling of DNA upon itself, generally as a result of bending, underwinding, or overwinding of the DNA transposition:（DNA轉(zhuǎn)座）See :（結(jié)構(gòu)域）A distinct structural unit of a polypeptide。: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還原電位 See standard reduction (Escherichia coli):（大腸桿菌）A mon bacterium found in the small intestine of vertebrates。often used to separate mixtures of ions, proteins, or nucleic :（電穿孔法）Introduction of macromolecules into cells after rendering the cells transiently permeable by the application of a highvoltage factors:（延長因子）Specific proteins required in the elongation of polypeptide chain