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產(chǎn)品的全生命周期評估(lca)-預(yù)覽頁

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【正文】 ssava transport 酒精的生產(chǎn) ethanol produce酒精的運(yùn)輸、儲存 transport and storage of ethanol酒精和汽油的混合 mixture of ethanol and gasoline酒精和汽油的燃燒 burning of ethanol and gasoline石油的運(yùn)輸、儲存 transport and storage of oil石油的開采 oil exploit石油的精煉 distill of oil汽油的運(yùn)輸、儲存 transport and storage of gasoline燃料準(zhǔn)備Fuel preparation manufacture of car 汽車制造汽 車 行 駛 car driving汽車維修 car repair 汽車報廢 car discard 環(huán)境模型的主要假設(shè)The mail assumptions of environment model? 忽略混合過程的排放 ignore the discharge during the mixing process? 只計算木薯皮中的氫氰酸和丹寧酸 only count the hydrocyanic and tannin? 乙醇生產(chǎn)中的固體廢物完全處理為 DDGS和肥料 the solid wastes are pletely turned into DDGS and fertilizer? 火車機(jī)車和卡車的燃料為柴油 the fuel of lootives and trucks is diesel 能量模型的主要假設(shè)The mail assumptions of energy model? 包含從種植地到車輛使用燃料周期的能量消耗 including the whole cycle from land plant to the vehicle fuel? 忽略原料階段的能量消耗 ignoring the energy waste during the raw material period ? 包含后處理階段產(chǎn)生的沼氣 including the marsh gas in the postprocessing stage成本模型的主要假設(shè)The mail assumptions of cost model? 包含發(fā)酵階段產(chǎn)生的 CO2 和后處理階段產(chǎn)生的 DDGS飼料和肥料。 reasonable basis of the technical environmentLCA的第二步 清單設(shè)計與總量計算the second step of LCA: List designing and gross calculation生物質(zhì) E10燃料的 LCA3E清單設(shè)計 The LCA3E list designing of E10? “Fishbone” Sketch1)建立環(huán)境影響計算清單Design the calculating list of environmental impacts2 )建立能源影響計算清單Design the calculating list of energy influence3 )建立成本計算清單 Design the calculation list of cost4 )進(jìn)行總量計算 total calculation本項目數(shù)據(jù)來源: the source of this project? 直接采集 :實(shí)地調(diào)查的單位包括黑龍江華潤金玉公司、黑龍江省發(fā)改委;河南天冠集團(tuán)、河南省農(nóng)業(yè)廳;廣西天昌投資公司、廣西桂孚科技投資公司、廣西三西農(nóng)場、廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院、廣西熱帶植物研究所。從清單中發(fā)現(xiàn),它們來自種植過程化肥生產(chǎn)與發(fā)酵過程煤的燃燒。 enhance the regional GDP by 19,023,000 RMB 但是,由于乙醇價格高于汽油,熱能低于汽油,車主又不愿支付 E10與汽油間的差價,政府必須補(bǔ)貼 16,667萬元,抵去稅收,政府地方財政實(shí)際補(bǔ)貼 8,035萬元 。 The main gas emission es from the coal bustion and cassava growX:石油價格(美元 /桶)X: price of oil (buck/bucket) P(x):汽油價格(元 /升) gasoline price (RMB/L)C1,2,3(x): 小麥、玉米、木薯乙醇價格(元 /升) price of wheat, maize and cassava ethanol (RMB/L)結(jié)論:補(bǔ)償?shù)闹饕蚴鞘蛢r格的影響Result: the main reason of subsidies is the impact current price of gasolineq木薯原料成本過高 the price of cassava is too highq乙醇價格高于同熱能汽油Ethanol is more expensive than gasoline providing the same energy經(jīng)濟(jì)敏感因素分析 analysis of economic sensitivity factor木薯種植過程 the process of cassava grow1014 J木薯處理過程 the process of cassava treatment 1011 J生產(chǎn)乙醇過程 the process of ethanol producing1015 J乙醇變性過程 the properties changing process of ethanol 1012 J加油過程 refuel process 1011 J運(yùn)輸過程 transport process 1013 J 總計 total 1015 J能量消耗總計表 total energy consumption Table能量敏感因素分析能量敏感因素分析 analysis of the energy sensitivity factor 結(jié)論:主要能量消耗是生產(chǎn)乙醇過程。 Cassava has the best overall efficiency paring to maize and old rice結(jié)論:發(fā)展乙醇燃料對廣西政府來說是可行的。 Conduct an environmental impact analysis of the electric bicycle system, pare it with the motorcycle power system燃油助動車 motorcycle 電動助動車 electric bicycle案例二案例二 project 2 福特中國電動助動車計劃全生命周期評估福特中國電動助動車計劃全生命周期評估LCA of Ford electric bicycle plan in china ? 隨著人民生活水平的提高,自行車已不能滿足人們出行的要求,但轎車一時還不能進(jìn)入家庭,因此助動車是人們最好的選擇。 Shanghai power plants are 100% thermal power, which consumes 409 g blind coal for one watt hour.自然資源 natural resource自然資源獲取 obtain of natural resource自行車制造 bike making自行車使用 bike using回收 /處理 recycle金屬回收 metal recycle汽油電力或氣態(tài)排放 gas discharge液體排放 liquid discharge固態(tài)排放 solid discharge 系統(tǒng)邊界 system boundary模型 model邊界條件 boundary condition總量分析結(jié)果 analysis of total result 1)總的能源消耗 energy consumption 兩種車的能量消耗( kJ) energy consumption (kJ) of two kinds of tool電動助動車:電動助動車: electric bike電池制造電池制造 50x106kJBattery manufacture發(fā)電發(fā)電 41x106kJElectricity generate燃油助動車:燃油助動車: motorcycle汽油生產(chǎn)汽油生產(chǎn) Gasoline production燃燒燃燒 115x106kJfuel2)排放 emissions統(tǒng)計 19種氣體排放、 27種水排放與固體排放Statistics show there are 19 gas emissions, 27 liquids and solids?氣體排放 gas emission 溫室氣體( GWP) 碳化物( AP ) 電動助動車:總排放 the total for electric bike is kg 燃油助動車:總排放 the total for motorcycle is kgq液態(tài)排放 (磅 ) liquid emission (pound)成分 ponent原料生產(chǎn)Material produce自行車制造 bicycle production自行車使用 bicycle using報廢處置 discard treatment整個生命周期 life cycle電動助動車 electrical bikeBOD COD SS DS HM HC 合計 燃油助動車 motorcycleBOD COD SS DS HM HC 合計 ?對于大多數(shù)排放因素,燃油助動車的排放大于電動助動車。 Result: there is no clean electric bicycle, unless the electricity power is generated from clean energy其他產(chǎn)品生命周期分析得出的重要結(jié)論:important results for the LCA of other products? 巖石粉碎機(jī)的主要環(huán)境影響階段是使用階段,即由于耗電而導(dǎo)致的環(huán)境排放非常嚴(yán)重。? 電動汽車的生命周期成
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