【正文】 their own goals ? 給予員工和工作團(tuán)隊(duì)一定的自由和自治權(quán)，以達(dá)到他們的自身目標(biāo) ? If a vision is too unambiguous, it bees an order and do not foster the high degree of personal mitment on which effective knowledge creation depends ? 如果一個(gè)想象太明確，它將成為一個(gè)規(guī)則，阻止人的創(chuàng)造能力在更深層次上的激發(fā)，而這是有效知識(shí)創(chuàng)造所依靠的 Conceptual Umbrella ? Sharp “Optoelectronics to describe the merging of microelectronics with optical technologies Senior managers took up the word and magnified its impact far beyond the RD and engineering departments in the pany ? Sharp –“光電子學(xué)”是描述微電子學(xué)和光學(xué)技術(shù)的融合，高級(jí)管理人員使用該詞并將其推廣到 RD 以及工程部外的其他部門 ? NEC the metaphor CC (for puters and munications), Categorized the pany39。s knowledgecreating ability is accelerated. ? 這可能在短期內(nèi)造成浪費(fèi)，但能帶來新的想法并增強(qiáng)組織的知識(shí)創(chuàng)造能力 Strategic Job Rotation 戰(zhàn)略崗位輪換 ? A second way to build redundancy to help employees understand the business from multiple perspectives ? 建立冗余機(jī)制的第二種方法可幫助員工從不同的角度理解公司 ? Makes anizational knowledge more fluid and easier to put into practice ? 使組織的知識(shí)更具有“流動(dòng)性”，更容易付于實(shí)施 ? At Kao Corporation, a Japanese consumerproducts manufacturer, employees are expected to hold at least three different jobs in any given tenyear period ? Kao公司，一家日本的消費(fèi)品制造企業(yè)，它的員工總被期望在任意 10年中至少從事三份不同的工作 ? Researchers often retire from the RD department by the age of 40 in order to transfer to other departments such as marketing, sales, or production ? 研究人員一般在 40歲時(shí)從 RD退休， .投向其他部門，如市場、銷售和產(chǎn)品 Free Access of Information 自由訪問信息 ? A third way to build redundancy ? 建立冗余的第三種方法 ? When information differentials exist, members of an anization can no longer interact on equal terms, which hinders the search for different interpretations of new knowledge ? 當(dāng)不同信息存在時(shí)，組織成員將不再受相當(dāng)條件的制約，這些條件是阻止搜索新知識(shí)的不同解釋的 ? Kao does not limit access to information among employees. All pany information (with the exception of personnel data) is stored in a single integrated database, open to any employee regardless of position ? Kao在公司員工中不對(duì)信息訪問加以限制。 ? [后續(xù) ] Middle Managers and Teams (中層管理人員和團(tuán)隊(duì) ) ? [續(xù)前 ] ? Team leaders are typically middle managers who synthesize the tacit knowledge of both frontline employees and senior executives, make it explicit, and incorporate it into new technologies and products ? 團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是典型的中層管理人員，他們綜合前線員工和高級(jí)管理人員的內(nèi)在知識(shí)，使其外在化，并將其融合入新產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)中。 Knowledge Management Strategy 知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略 ? Driven by pany39。這要求加強(qiáng)人與人的交流、電子郵件和視頻會(huì)議等，以方便內(nèi)在知識(shí)的交換。s symptoms, rule out possible conditions, and remend a home remedy, doctor39。 experience Personalization:Creating Value for Customers 人性化：為客戶創(chuàng)造價(jià)值 – Problems don39。 collaboration is, in essence, managing the center39。s planes to visit other divisions and share ideas on new products ? Travel are encouraged, and budgets are not restricted ? The pany manages effective persontoperson knowledge sharing ? With 20,000 employees, HP dwarfs the largest consulting pany, Andersen Consulting, which has about 60,000 people Don?t Straddle 不要同時(shí)使用兩種策略 ? Most knowledge consulting firms use both ? 許多知識(shí)咨詢公司同時(shí)使用兩種 ? codification and personalization to some extent ? 在某種程度上是成文化和人性化的 ? Most effective firms, however, concentrate on one method and use the other in a support role ? 然而，許多公司注重一種方法，同時(shí)用另一種方法加以輔助 ? Executives who try to excel at both strategies risk failing at both ? 希望同時(shí)使用兩種戰(zhàn)略的決策者要承擔(dān)兩份風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Management consulting firms have run into serious trouble when they failed to stick with one approach ? 如果管理咨詢公司不能堅(jiān)持使用一種方法，它將陷入很大的麻煩中 ? Companies that straddle the two strategies may also find themselves with an unwieldy mix of people ? 同時(shí)使用兩種戰(zhàn)略的公司將很難處理人員混雜問題 ? In effective panies, the knowledge management model stays the same even as new products and services mature ? 高效公司的知識(shí)管理模式在新產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)成熟時(shí)建立 Don?t Straddle 不要同時(shí)使用兩種策略 What’s the “Right” Strategy? 什么是正確的戰(zhàn)略？ ? Competitive strategy must drive knowledge management strategy ? 競爭戰(zhàn)略必定推動(dòng)知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略 ? Three questions to consider（ 三個(gè)需考慮的問題） – Do you offer standardized or customized products? – 提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化還是個(gè)性化產(chǎn)品？ – Do you have a mature or innovative product? – 是否擁有成熟或革新的產(chǎn)品？ – Do your people rely on explicit or tacit knowledge to solve problems? – 你的員工依靠內(nèi)在還是外在知識(shí)解決問題？ Don?t Isolate Knowledge Management! 不要孤立知識(shí)管理！ ? Companies that isolate knowledge management risk losing its benefits, which are highest when it is coordinated with HR, IT, and petitive strategy ? 孤立知識(shí)管理的公司存在損失盈利的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在與 HR、 IT和競爭戰(zhàn)略相關(guān)的公司尤為突出 What should be your pany’s knowledge management strategy? 如何確定公司的知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略？ Knowledge Management Practices 知識(shí)管理實(shí)踐 Common KM Practice （ 一般知識(shí)管理實(shí)踐 ） ? Develop a system (., guidelines, incentives, and procedures) for KM cycles in capturing, refining, storing, managing, disseminating, and creating knowledge throughout the anization. ? 開發(fā)知識(shí)管理系統(tǒng)的周期包括：捕獲、精練、存儲(chǔ)、管理、傳播和創(chuàng)造知識(shí) ? Integrate KM into core work processes. Make knowledge capture a required step in key processes (., document problem solutions) ? 統(tǒng)一知識(shí)管理成核心工作流程，知識(shí)捕獲是核心流程中的關(guān)鍵一步 ? Assign KM roles (., topic experts) ? 指派知識(shí)管理角色 Common KM Practice 一般知識(shí)管理實(shí)踐 ? Focus on customercentric knowledge and core petencies ? 注重以客戶為中心的知識(shí)和核心能力 ? Share and learn from industry best practices. ? 在行業(yè)最佳實(shí)踐中共享和學(xué)習(xí) ? Establish munities of expertise (works of knowledge) ? 建立專門技術(shù)團(tuán)體 ? Apply TQM methods to enhance quality of knowledge contents. ? 采用 TQM增強(qiáng)知識(shí)內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量 ? Establish methods for measuring KM benefits. ? 建立知識(shí)管理盈利評(píng)價(jià)體系 Knowledge Management Technologies 知識(shí)管理技術(shù) IT Infrastructure for Knowledge Management（ 知識(shí)管理的 IT基礎(chǔ)） Figure 101 Office systems（ 辦公系統(tǒng)） ? Manage and coordinate work of data and knowledge workers 管理和協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)和知識(shí)工作者的工作 ? Connect work of local information workers with all levels and functions of anization 將本地信息人員的工作同組織的所有層次和職能部門相聯(lián)系 ? Connect anization to ex