【正文】 ked late into the night yesterday but gets up early this morning. 應(yīng)改為： b. He worked late into the night yesterday but got up early this morning. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 ② 語態(tài)和主語的隨意轉(zhuǎn)換。 a. The pollution in this area is serious。 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 比較下列兩個句子： a. He expresses a number of clever expressions much to the audience’s delight. —He delighted the audience with his clever expressions b. This morning I went to the classroom, when I got there, I saw many people in the classroom. —This morning I went to the classroom and saw many people there. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 要想使句子簡潔應(yīng)注意以下幾點： (1) 避免重復(fù)意義相同的詞。例如： a. She was told of the fact that eating junk food might harm her health. b. Mrs. Smith likes to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France. c. There are some students who cheat in exams. 以上劃線部分都是累贅的詞，應(yīng)去掉。例如 ： Example 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 a. The article is short, informative, and reading it was easy 應(yīng)該為： The article is short, informative, and easy to read. (three adjectives) b. Knowing what to do and to do it well will bring you success. 應(yīng)該為 Knowing what to do and doing it well will bring you success. (two gerund phrases) 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 再看下例： In summary, I do like a lot of things about college, as I said before－ being on my own, talking with friendly people, having Fridays off... (這里是 3個動名詞短語并列。 He was intelligent and hardworking, and he graduated with honors. 應(yīng)該為： Intelligent and hardworking, he graduated with honors. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 ③ 介詞短語開頭。例如： a. The more we get together, the happier we’ll be. b. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Example 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 再如 : 美國黑人“民權(quán)運動”領(lǐng)袖馬丁 其中非常重要的原因是運用了一些比喻、排比的修辭手法和句型，增添了語言的渲染力及文章的藝術(shù)色彩。 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 ? I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. … 我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子將在一個不是以他們的膚色，而是以他們的品格優(yōu)劣來評判他們的國度里生活。但是，要表達多方面的、比較復(fù)雜的思想，往往需要把幾個句子組織起來，結(jié)成更大的言語片斷，以表達 “ 一層 ” 的意思。一個段落就是一篇微型文章，它的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該完整、連貫并且展開得法。長的段落通常用于表達比較復(fù)雜的主題，而短的段落有時是做一個過渡或進行一次概括，也有可能是用來強調(diào)某個觀點。例如： 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 Topic Sentence (general) Supporting Sentence (specific) (explanation, example, or more details) Supporting Sentence (specific) Supporting Sentence (specific) Concluding Sentence (general) 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 主題句 (Topic Sentence) 主題句在英語段落中起著舉足輕重的作用。后面的句子便是 支持句（ Supporting Sentences)， 為主題句所表達的 思想提供支持。 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 同步練習(xí) : Paragraph 1_____________________________. Paragraph 2_____________________________. Paragraph 3_____________________________. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 When I first entered college as a freshman, I was afraid that I was not able to do well in my studies. I was afraid of being off(離開） by myself, away from my family for the first time. Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me. I would have to make friends with them and perhaps also pete with them for grades(分數(shù)） in courses I would take. Were they smarter than I was? Could I keep up with them? Would they accept me? 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 I soon learned that my life was now up to（ 取決于） me. I had to set a study program if I wanted to succeed in my courses. I had to regulate the time I spend studying and the time I spend socializing. I had to decide when to go to bed… These questions I had to answer for myself. At first, life was a bit difficult. I made mistakes in how I used my time. I spend too much time making friends. I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 ，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)闹黝}句 ： My first visit was in the summer of 1974,to see the world’s Fair. The second time was in 1976, to see friends. The last time I visited New York just last month, when I went there to look for a job. Maybe soon I will be a resident of New York instead of a visitor. a. I have made three visits to New York b. I have visited New York four times c. I will live in New York soon Key: a. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 ： 1. In general, I usually go to cinema on weekend . 2. In my opinion, my favorite movie is Gone with the Wind 3. I often think if I made a speech before others who listen to, it is hard for me to do so. I usually go to cinema on weekend . Gone with the Wind is my favorite movie It is hard for me to made a speech before others. Making a speech before others is hard for me. 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 段落的特征 （ Qualities of Effective Paragraph） 1. 段落的統(tǒng)一性 (Unity)。段落的統(tǒng)一性體現(xiàn)在用這個中心思想來統(tǒng)帥全段內(nèi)容，段落中的其他句子則都應(yīng)圍繞這一主題，一切與主題無直接關(guān)系的句子都必須刪除 例如： 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 Sample 1: Television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a paratively cheap one. With a TV set in the family, people don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the movies, or the opera. All they have to is to push a button or turn on a knob, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind. 此段的主題句即段首句是本段的中心 （ This paragraph is about the convenience and cheapness of television） 全段圍繞這一中心展開，符合段落的統(tǒng)一性原則。連貫性指的是段落的結(jié)構(gòu)是否有條理。 例如： 《英語應(yīng)用文寫作》多媒體 教學(xué) 課件 Sample 1: The moon has always been an object of interest to human beings. Until the 1960s, getting there was only a dream. Some thought that people could never reach the moon. Neil Armstrong stepped onto the lunar(月亮的 )surface in 1969. Moon landings have bee routine(日常事務(wù) ) to the general public. 本段沒有加連接詞，比較下段加連接詞的效果 。換言之，寫了主題句以后還必須回答與之相關(guān)的問