【正文】 “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英國詩歌里非常著名的一首，曾經(jīng)被譽(yù)為 “有史以來英國詩歌里最好的一首 ”） (a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓園派詩人 ) * Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenthcentury poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets. 42. In the latter half of the 18th century, PreRomanticism。 “The Drapier’s Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”, 后一篇比較重要，要注意后一篇作者用的 irony也就是反諷手法。 “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism)。對(duì)于 Samson Agonistes要知道它是 poetical drama，知道故事大概情節(jié)及其來源。他的 son 也很重要，最重要屬 son18。 significance。 alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此處可能會(huì)有填空，選擇等小題） 2. Romance （名詞解釋） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名詞解釋） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry。 Denmark（丹麥） story。 written in Middle English。四大喜劇，四大悲劇比較重要，此外就是羅密歐與朱立葉了，這些劇的主題，背景，情節(jié)，人物形象都要熟悉，當(dāng)然他最重要的喜劇作品是 Hamlet這是肯定的。對(duì)于 Paradise Lost需要知道它是 blank verse寫成的，故事情節(jié)來自 Old Testament，具體情節(jié)在課本 124 頁，另外要知道此書 theme 和 Satan的形象。 features of the school: philosophical poems, plex rhythms and strange images 21. Andrew Marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名詩 To His Coy Mistress 22. John Dryden——“All for Love”(a tragedy)。 his workmanship (features) and limitations 29. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此書非常重要，要知道具體內(nèi)容，就是Gulliver 游歷過的四個(gè)地方的英文名稱，和每個(gè)部分具體的諷刺對(duì)象 。 32. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)比較重要，需要仔細(xì)看。 45. Robert Burns偉大的蘇格蘭民族詩人 , A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名詩，寫作特點(diǎn) : Scottish dialect。 musical quality of his poems. Part Five: Romanticism in England 46. Romanticism（名詞解釋）要對(duì)浪漫主義興起的時(shí)間，根源，主要特點(diǎn)，主要代表作家都有所了解。 寫過的著名作品： I wandered lonely as a cloud。 We are seven 等等。 著名作品： Child Harold’s Pilgrimage要知道大致內(nèi)容，另外此詩用 Spenserian Stanza寫成； Don Juan要知道大致內(nèi)容，及其詩體 attava rima。）其它名作 : Ode to the West Wind。 Ode to a Nightingale。 his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature。 Oliver Twist。 56. William Makepeace Thackeray 主要作品即 Vanity Fair 要知道這個(gè)題目出自John Bunyan的 The Pilgrim’s Progress，另外小說的副標(biāo)題 “A novel without a hero”的意思，小說的情節(jié)，主題，人物形象都要了解。 modest satire。勃朗特姐妹的小說雖然寫作在批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期，但其作品有明顯的浪漫主義特色，比 如包含的一些 supernatural elements，特別體現(xiàn)在呼嘯山莊中。 Part Seven: Prosewriters and poets of the mid and later 19th century 62. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold 簡單了解即可。 64. Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. (P416) His famous poems: “Homethoughts from abroad” etc. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sons from the Portuguese”. 65. 簡單了解 William Morris主要作品，寫作特點(diǎn)，及其意義等。這位作家在 20 世紀(jì)聲名是逐漸下降的，但是還是有些學(xué)校會(huì)考到他。另外他的其它作品也有某些學(xué)?？嫉竭^，也要知道，比如他的詩劇 Murder in the Cathedral等等，要知道大概的情節(jié)。 75. Streamofconsciousness（名詞解釋） 76. James Joyce其它作品簡單了解，但 Ulysses非常重要，需要知道題目來源，題目的含義，小說的主人公和情節(jié)，以及主題。 begins with an invocation to a muse。 features long and formal speeches。 a free form of blank verse is still the medium in twentiethcentury verse plays. Modernism: A general term applied retrospectively to the wide range of experimental and avantgarde trends in literature of the early 20th century, including Symbolism, Futurism, Expressionism, Imagism, Vorticism, Dada, and Surrealism, along with the innovations of the unaffiliated（獨(dú)立的） writers. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. It is a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism（理性主義） which is the theoretical base of rea