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sdn技術與應用項目設計方案-預覽頁

2025-05-16 22:08 上一頁面

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【正文】 主動和被動兩種模式。然而,利用基本抽象編寫網(wǎng)絡程序是復雜且容易出錯的,因此,在SDN北向接口標準化方面,現(xiàn)在還沒有達成共識。目前,支持SDN技術的交換機不常見,單純用物理設備搭建真實的網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境比較困難,因此我們將通過模擬的方式進行搭建。l 自定義拓撲, 自定義拓撲除了mininet自帶的拓撲外,我們還可以使用指令進行自定義拓撲,除了使用指令自定義拓撲外,我們還可以設置拓撲文件,并通過mn –custom ~/mininet/custom/ –topo mytopo進行自定義網(wǎng)絡結構。 拓撲探測包分析虛擬網(wǎng)絡生成后,控制器與交換機進行初始化,大致分為兩階段,先是控制器與交換機交換信息,然后是控制器對整個網(wǎng)絡進行拓撲探測。在雙方確認自己的版本號確認連接后,控制器開始對交換機的配置過程。配置完成后,控制器向交換機發(fā)送stats_request消息查詢交換機的狀態(tài),交換機通過reply消息將自己的狀態(tài)發(fā)給控制器。交換機收到arp消息包后,由于流表為空不知道如何處理,所以交換機將向控制器發(fā)送packet_in消息包。此時,交換機的流表項中就已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了一個新的流表項。 SDN環(huán)狀網(wǎng)絡實驗通過Python構建環(huán)狀拓撲結構:from import Topo, Nodeclass MyTopo( Topo ): “simple topology example.” Def__init__( self, enable_all = True ): “Create custom topo.” Super( MyTopo, self).__init__() Host1 = ( ‘h1’ )Host2 = ( ‘h2’ )Host3 = ( ‘h3’ )Host4 = ( ‘h4’ )Host5 = ( ‘h5’)Switch1 = ( ‘s1’ )Switch2 = ( ‘s2’ )Switch3 = ( ‘s3’ )Switch4 = ( ‘s4’ )Switch5 = ( ‘5’ )( Switch1,Switch2 )( Switch2,Switch3 )( Switch3,Switch4 )( Switch4,Switch5 )( Switch5,Switch1 )( Switch1,Host1 )( Switch2,Host2 )( Switch3,Host3 )( Switch4,Host4 )( Switch5,Host5 )topos = { ‘mytopo’: ( lambda: MyTopo() ) }:H4H3 Port3 Switch4Swith3 Port3 Port2 Port1 Port1 Port2H2 Port2 Port1H5Switch5 Switch2 Port3 Port3 Port1 Port2 Switch1 Port1 Port2Port3H1 環(huán)狀拓撲建立好拓撲以后,讓h1分別與hhhh5進行ping通信。其次,不同于傳統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡二層轉發(fā)以MAC地址為依據(jù)的做法,SDN控制器在建立連接和拓撲發(fā)現(xiàn)時可以獲得各個主機的IP地址,然后計算出到達該IP地址的最短路徑再將該路徑寫入交換機的流表中,交換機轉發(fā)報文時根據(jù)流表中的IP地址對應的端口號進行轉發(fā)。在SDN網(wǎng)絡中,由于控制器具有全局視野,制定出轉發(fā)策略可以有效的避免環(huán)狀網(wǎng)絡,其次,因為沒有端口的關閉,SDN網(wǎng)絡中的鏈路利用率也得到提升。SDN控制邏輯集中的特點可充分滿足網(wǎng)絡集中自動化管理、多路徑轉發(fā)、綠色節(jié)能等方面的要求。 SDN在政企網(wǎng)絡中的應用政府及企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡的業(yè)務類型多,網(wǎng)絡設備功能復雜、類型多,對網(wǎng)絡的安全性要求高,需要集中的管理和控制,需要網(wǎng)絡的靈活性高,且能滿足定制化需求。由于企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡一般由企業(yè)自己的信息化部門復雜建設、管理和維護,具有封閉性,可統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃、部署和升級改造,SDN部署的可行性高。SDN的轉發(fā)與控制分離特點可有效實現(xiàn)設備的逐步融合,降低設備硬件成本。而德國電信在云數(shù)據(jù)中心、無線、固定等接入環(huán)境使用SDN。 SDN在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司業(yè)務部署中的應用SDN即軟件定義網(wǎng)絡,然而筆者認為SDN的研究重點不應放在軟件如何定義網(wǎng)絡,而應在于如何開放網(wǎng)絡能力。SDN具有網(wǎng)絡能力開放的特點,通過SDN控制器的北向接口,向上層應用提供標準化、規(guī)范化的網(wǎng)絡能力接口,為上層應用提供網(wǎng)絡能力服務。兩張網(wǎng)絡的需求與流量特性有很大的區(qū)別,由于外網(wǎng)主要用于連接用戶與服務,因此在時間、地區(qū)、流量需求方面有較強的規(guī)律性和穩(wěn)定性,而內網(wǎng)流量需求大,不具有規(guī)律性。綜上,該公司需要一種靈活、穩(wěn)定、全面對的對內網(wǎng)進行管理。第二層,局部網(wǎng)絡控制層,這一層是一個服務器集群層,下層的一臺交換機會與多臺控制器相連,而一臺控制器也會與多臺交換機相連,交換機對控制器的選擇不在于控制器的狀態(tài),而在與控制器的服務類型,例如,對于控制功能A可以選擇controller1而對控制功能B則可以選擇controller2。圖中的RAP是一種SDN應用,負責controller與Quagga通信,Quagga是一個網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議棧,支持多種路由協(xié)議。圖中TE Agent是運行在控制器上的另一個應用,負責與Gateway傳送信息,Gateway匯總后將信息送給TE server進行處理。另一方面,數(shù)據(jù)流可分為通往數(shù)據(jù)中心、從數(shù)據(jù)中心發(fā)出以及路過數(shù)據(jù)中心三種,對從數(shù)據(jù)中心發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)流,對路徑的選擇會首先匹配TE制定的路線,當無法匹配時,再按照BGP協(xié)議制定的路線發(fā)出,對通過數(shù)據(jù)中心以及路過的數(shù)據(jù)流,優(yōu)先選擇BGP制定的路徑。 SDN展望 傳統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡設備產(chǎn)業(yè)是一個相對封閉的產(chǎn)業(yè),整個行業(yè)被一些巨頭所把持,網(wǎng)絡設備的更新?lián)Q代也只是在性能上的提高并沒有根本上的變化,而同期的服務器市場卻經(jīng)歷了服務器硬件與操作系統(tǒng)的分離、虛擬技術的普及兩個階段。本文還對SDN網(wǎng)絡中的各種技術、設備進行了探索。 參考文獻[1] ,2013,9[2] ,2013,10[3] 、戰(zhàn)略、技術、2013,11[4] 左青云,陳鳴,趙廣松.基于OpenFlow的SDN技術[J].軟件學報,2013(03):120.[5] 吳建平,劉瑩,[J].中國科學 E輯:信息科學,2008,38(10):15401564.[6] 林闖,賈子驍,[J].計算機學報,2010,35(6):10771097[7] :,2013,4[8] CCSA (SDN)研究報告,2012,11[9] Thomas ,Ken :,2014,5[10] ONF(Open Network Foundation)[EB/OL].[11] Open Networking Switch Specification Version ,2009,12[12] Open Networking Configuration and Management Protocol Version ,2011,12[13] Floodlight Openflow Controller.[14] Function VirtualizationIntroductory White Papers[S][15] 彎曲評論.[16] MCKEOWN N,ANDERSON T,BALAKRISHNAN :enable innovation in campus networks[A].Proceedings of ACM Sigm 2008[C].2008[17] KIMandnetworkNetworkResearch But in many ways, networking has always been defined by software. literally from a keyboard networks can’t keep pace with the on the fly changes required by modern cloud systems. For a service provider, Imagine needing to update the OS on your Smartphone every time you load a new application. They want their networks to adjust and respond dynamically, based on their business policy. This is a tall order but SDN has the promise to deliver solutions to these challenges.From this understanding, we can derive the principles for fixing the problems.the appropriate aspects of the Management, Services and Control planes to simplify network design and lower operating costsl Use the CloudSDN principles to all networking and network services including security from the data center and enterprise campus to the mobile and wireline networks used by service providers.The Four Planes of NetworkingInside every networking and security device every switch, router, and firewall you can separate the software into four layers or planes. The Forwarding plane can be implemented in software but it is typically built using applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASIC’s) that are designed for that purpose. However, the seemingly insatiable demand for network capacity generated by thousands of new consumer and business applications creates significant opportunity for differentiation in Forwarding hardware and networking systems. Very importantly, the Control plane learns everything it needs to know about the network by talking to its peer in other devices. Services are the place where firewalls stop the bad guys and parental controls are enforced. The Management plane provides the basic instructions of how the network device should interact with the rest of the network. Because the configuration is manual, mistakes are frequent and these mistakes sometimes have serious consequences cutting off traffic to an entire data center or stopping traffic on a crosscountry networking highway. But in all cases today, these general purpose puters use special purpose software that is fixed in function and dedicated to the task at hand. This makes everything harder than it needs to be.CentralizationSo if today’s networking software is the root of the problem, better software is the solution and that’s where SDN es in. The use of industry standard, x86 hardware bined with scaleout software is how modern, highly available systems are built.Unlike most cloud applications, networks are inherently decentralized. But centralization is powerf
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