【正文】 （1）接電源線238（1）打扣14將工位8移動(dòng)到工位6后表42 3—8工位調(diào)整后的作業(yè)時(shí)間表工位號(hào)操作時(shí)間評(píng)定系數(shù)寬放率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間320110%22418110%20521110%23618110%20723110%25823110%25b)合并工位1和工位9，工位12和工位13由于工位9的涂抹潤(rùn)滑油是給發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)涂抹，所以并沒(méi)有特別固定的操作工位，只要在安裝后殼之前完成即可，所以在完成工位1的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝之后即可進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑油的涂抹工作，這樣即節(jié)省了一道工序，也可以平衡安裝發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工位的空閑時(shí)間。c)對(duì)16和17工位進(jìn)行調(diào)整與前面內(nèi)容相似，工位16和工位17的工時(shí)較長(zhǎng)，且可以拆分成多個(gè)作業(yè)單元，但不同的是并沒(méi)有用時(shí)較短的工位與之進(jìn)行作業(yè)單元的合并，為了平衡生產(chǎn)線，可以選擇增加一個(gè)工位作為工位18來(lái)分擔(dān)16和17中過(guò)多的任務(wù)量。下面，是對(duì)整條生產(chǎn)線的最后一個(gè)部分的改善。而終檢1的檢驗(yàn)過(guò)程是比較繁瑣的，首先對(duì)其全部過(guò)程進(jìn)行動(dòng)作分析，其全部的動(dòng)作流程為及其時(shí)間如表48所示。表48 工位22動(dòng)作流程時(shí)間表動(dòng)作序號(hào)動(dòng)作名稱測(cè)定時(shí)間/s1左手抓取電風(fēng)扇32右手扶正13左手抓取電源線24接通電源25等待電壓顯示并觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)106左手拿取電筆37檢測(cè)有無(wú)漏電88放下電筆29將風(fēng)扇放回裝配線3表49 改善后的工作流程時(shí)間表動(dòng)作序號(hào)動(dòng)作名稱測(cè)定時(shí)間/s1右手拿取風(fēng)扇并扶正左手拿取電源線接通電源42左手拿取電筆33測(cè)定有無(wú)漏電84放下電筆同時(shí)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)25將風(fēng)扇放回裝配線3因此，改進(jìn)后的終檢1工位的平均操作時(shí)間為20秒。裝配線由原來(lái)的27個(gè)工位減少到22個(gè)，操作人員由27個(gè)減少到23個(gè)，節(jié)省了4名操作人員，改善后的裝配線工作時(shí)間柱狀圖見(jiàn)圖42圖42 改善后的作業(yè)時(shí)間柱狀圖改善后的最大生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍為26秒，改善后的平衡率計(jì)算：停頓時(shí)間Tloss=∑（Tmax—Ti）=64秒單日最大產(chǎn)能=103600247。 從工作研究方面對(duì)裝配線進(jìn)行改善a)建立工業(yè)工程部門在公司職能管理分類中增設(shè)工業(yè)工程部，負(fù)責(zé)全公司的生產(chǎn)改善，同時(shí)在每個(gè)車間增設(shè)工業(yè)工程推行員崗位，負(fù)責(zé)車間的工業(yè)工程的實(shí)施和工作對(duì)接。針對(duì)改善后的22個(gè)工位，對(duì)每個(gè)工位工作區(qū)內(nèi)的物品進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分類，將其中有用的工具、物料留下來(lái)，不常用的送到物品儲(chǔ)藏室。2)整頓。例如對(duì)于裝配線布局改善之后的工位115，這兩個(gè)工位所需原材料的占地面積是比較大的，因此可在其身側(cè)地方用顏料劃出貨柜區(qū)域，用來(lái)明確告訴送料員原料架該放的位置，防止其隨意擺放造成操作者的不便。這樣有助于防止在工作中發(fā)生意外，同時(shí)也能防止進(jìn)一步的損壞造成的損失。4)清潔。例如在公司的柱子或者欄桿等適當(dāng)且顯眼的位置懸掛標(biāo)志牌、標(biāo)簽等宣傳標(biāo)語(yǔ)，在每條裝配線的前面設(shè)置告示牌，以此對(duì)員工進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)刻刻的激勵(lì)。c)改進(jìn)貨架及工位器具針對(duì)生產(chǎn)車間出現(xiàn)的取用材料不方便、活動(dòng)范圍狹小等問(wèn)題，制定合理可行的改進(jìn)方案，對(duì)貨架及工位器具進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，以減少動(dòng)作的浪費(fèi)。同時(shí)，針對(duì)原材料常置于操作者身后取用不便的情況，在優(yōu)化過(guò)程中，我們可以將裝配線改為雙側(cè)作業(yè)，這樣便加大了同側(cè)人與人之間的距離，可以騰出一個(gè)工位的空間來(lái)放置原材料，這樣便避免了操作者來(lái)回走動(dòng)造成的浪費(fèi)。同時(shí)要建立起規(guī)范的作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范員工作業(yè)的方法、作業(yè)范圍，確定各工位的操作時(shí)間。裝配線12345619…………202122圖43 改進(jìn)后的裝配線布局示意圖e)加強(qiáng)多技能培訓(xùn)多技能是指具有多種作業(yè)技能的操作者，他能夠根據(jù)節(jié)拍，按照加工流程獨(dú)自完成多項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 裝配線平衡前后對(duì)比對(duì)比裝配線改善前后的幾項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，表現(xiàn)結(jié)果如表51所示。改善使得企業(yè)對(duì)于區(qū)域劃分、空間利用更加充分科學(xué)合理，車間物料分類擺放，裝配現(xiàn)場(chǎng)空間布局得到了優(yōu)化，也使得企業(yè)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理更加透明可見(jiàn)。c)提高裝配線的生產(chǎn)率。本課題對(duì)格力小家電有限公司的電風(fēng)扇裝配線進(jìn)行了深入的研究，通過(guò)對(duì)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀的分析，找出了其存在的主要問(wèn)題：生產(chǎn)線產(chǎn)能不足、生產(chǎn)線工位工時(shí)不平衡、作業(yè)空間狹小取料不便、操作者技能不熟練等。本課題成功的引入了工業(yè)工程的理論到實(shí)踐中，并且取得了成效，證明工業(yè)工程理論對(duì)于車間的生產(chǎn)改善有著至關(guān)重要的作用，企業(yè)的管理模式應(yīng)從粗放的管理方式轉(zhuǎn)變到以工業(yè)工程為理論指導(dǎo)的科學(xué)的管理方式上去。致 謝畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)作為大學(xué)階段最后一個(gè)總結(jié)性的項(xiàng)目，對(duì)整個(gè)大學(xué)四年所學(xué)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用有著至關(guān)重要的作用。最后，還要感謝所有教過(guò)我的老師，是你們孜孜不倦的教誨，使我學(xué)到了很多的知識(shí)，豐富了自身的知識(shí)體系，為以后投入社會(huì)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine3