【正文】 以及“數(shù)字礦山”建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著重要的不可或缺的作用：隨著地球空間信息科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進步，礦山信息化、自動化、智能化生產(chǎn)和管理的發(fā)展，其作用將日益增強。但是作為礦山生產(chǎn)“眼睛”的礦山測繪工作被忽視，一些地方礦山根本沒有專業(yè)的礦山測量和礦井地質(zhì)人員，使得反映礦山生產(chǎn)空間動態(tài)特征及事故隱患的采掘工程圖件資料等不完整或缺失，也是重要因素。但因缺乏切實有效的經(jīng)濟、行政和技術(shù)監(jiān)管措施，我國的資源浪費、環(huán)境污染破壞問題仍十分嚴重。 制訂或修訂各種礦山測量規(guī)程 (范 )是當務(wù)之急 在 我國，許多礦山測量范疇的規(guī)程、規(guī)范，如《 (煤 )礦山測量規(guī)程》、《礦山測量圖圖例》、《開采沉陷觀測規(guī)科》、《三量 (開拓礦量、準備礦量和回采礦量 )劃分和計算方法規(guī)定》中英文資料 11 等大都是上個世紀 70． 80 年代制 (修 )訂的。我們認為，在普通大學(xué)本科中可不必單獨沒置“礦山測最 (礦山空間信息學(xué) )”專業(yè)，但在一些院校的測繪工程本科教育中仍應(yīng)保持其礦業(yè)特色，更不必說研究生的研究方向了。 global positioning system。 Geomatics 中英文資料 14 1 Mine Surveying the rise and development profiles Mine Surveying the development of discipline and social needs and scientific and technological development, closely related to progress, and show different characteristics of the times and content. Although the mine surveying hundreds of years ago, or even thousands of years ago there, but as an independent discipline there is something almost 100 years. Mine Surveying, as an independent discipline that began in Germany, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and other countries. In German, the Mine Surveying Techniques word for the Markscheidekunst, it is intended boundaries (Mark) division (Scheide) surgery (Kunst). After the introduction of Russia, although some scholars have suggested a change as what children learn mine, but the term has been named as mine used to measure, it is difficult to change. Mine Surveying the Russian is MapKme visit JmpckoBo. In Germany, Russia (including the Commonwealth of Independent States) and Eastern European countries, mine surveying technology pays great attention to development of faster example: in Germany Kelaosituo (Clausthal) Technical University, Russia, Moscow Mining University, New Siberian University, Ukraine, Huang sredne University of Dayton, Poland, AGH University of Science and Technology (formerly University of Mining and Metallurgy Krakow large), the Czech Republic Ostrava (Ostrava) Technical University, Hungary Miskolc (Miskolc) Universitywere to set up a Mine Surveying or Engineering Surveying (Geodesy) and the Mine Surveying Institute (Department), may be granted to mine surveying the bachelor, master and doctoral degrees. In Western Europe, Australia and India, Science and Technology of Mine Surveying and personnel training have always received more attention. For example: more than in the UK integrated industrial (polytechnica!) University or professional school with mine surveying, Royal Society 中英文資料 15 of Mine Surveyors (Mining Surveyor or Minerals Surveyor) of the funding level (title) remain in effect so far. University of Queensland in Australia, Katanning (Curtin) AlQahtani Technical University and the University of Western Australia School of Mines (in Kalgoorlie, kalgoorlie) and other institutions with resources, Department of Geology and Mine Surveying, Mine and Engineering Surveying Department or Department of Mining Engineering and Mine Surveying and so on, train IT personnel mine surveying. More than in India Mining Institute (located in Dhanbad, Shahdol, etc.), Nagpur University and Polytechnic University are more than (polytechnics) were cultured with the college can be undergraduate or master39。an Administration of Coal Geology Bureau of aerial remote sensing, China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Geology and Prospecting Center, aerial Remote Sensing Centre of Nuclear Industry, China Petroleum Exploration and Development Institute, also have carried out the investigation and development of mineral resources research and engineering work. 中英文資料 17 2 Mine the nature and role of surveying disciplines Mine Surveying is an interdisciplinary, it is the integrated use of mapping, geological and mining engineering and other disciplines, research techniques, processing or settlement of mine geological prospecting, planning, design, construction, development and production operations in the entire process, from ground to underground, from the ore body (seam) to the rock, under static and dynamic geometry of space, resources and environment. Its content and technology with the following three aspects of the situation and development are closely related: one of Surveying and Mapping Technology and equipment development。 (3) mineral resource information and threedimensional space simulation that the reserve calculation, standards and management, mineral development economics。s vision of people and deepened the understanding of the Earth and its changes: the resources it study of environmental problems and the role of major and profound. The next few years, GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation system, two skill levels, accuracy and performance, will be greatly improved. Chinese participation in the European Galileo satellite navigation system, in real terms in 2020, has entered the construction phase, will be pleted around 2020 small, its accuracy and performance will be better than all the current GPS system, thus breaking the . monopoly of GPS in the world. Remote sensing technology is moving towards quantification, automation and practical. Remote sensing technology to a multisensor, multiplatform, multiangle, and three high (high resolution, high spectral and high temporal) direction. 1 m and higher spatial resolution, multispectral remote sensing data have been pinch of Commerce. Have dozens, hundreds of hyperspectral remote sensing spectral segment is moving from air to the space platform, it can monitor fixed mineral position of rock and soil physical and chemical properties. Synthetic 中英文資料 22 aperture radar (SAR) image processing and applications development gratifying. Remote sensing without ground control positioning t