【正文】 d precision of product can satisfy the requirement Reasonably whether or not the efficiency and investment rate of recovery of new workshop In detail design stage , the use technique of simulation can to candidate the following aspect of scheme makes the evaluation : Can the major equipment processed get the full utilization in the workshop when making the 7 major part? Whether or not the load is fairly more balanced Whether or not the thing material processing system can and the flexible level of workshop be adaptable each other Can the requirement of production scheduling be satisfied in the entire layout of new workshop? But whether or not possess the fixed reconfiguration ability Whether or not the product system in workshop can be kept the production capacity of fixed level when breaking down The available design in the supplementary workshop product system of the software that some ripen has all been developed out in the home and abroad at present, like AUTOMOD/AUTOGRAM and IMMS that the Singh University develops etc [ 2 ] that the SIMAN/CINEMA and Auto Simulation corporation that the GCMS and System Modeling corporation that the PURDUE university develops . The application in making the operating in workshop of puter simulation The scheduling problem among the FMS can the definition be the production resources that distribution and coordination can gain, if processing the machine and leads voluntarily transportation tool (AGV), robot as well as time worked overtime etc, in order to satisfy the objective appointed . These objectives can be satisfied delivery date and oute achieve fully, and the utilization ratio of machine achieves highly , or the bination of mentioned above objective . The scheduling process among the FMS includes: Select the work piece of FMS Process and select process route for the work piece Select the work processed gone at the machine gone forward The rule is sent in the selection for AGV Major above aspect degree of the exchanging problem of emulation mode is analyzed and is appraised There are some the person who ripens available settlement scheduling problems of software at present, if Autosched, JobTimePlus, FACTOR, FACTOR/AIM, SIMNETDs etc. That our country has also developed is used the workshop to dispatch the simulation software of layer , if : Environment FASE, as well as the intelligent rule dispatching system developed on this foundation etc [ 3 ] is dispatched in the factory simulation of the Singh University and the Ministry of Aerospace Industry 204 unit waiting development to Job Shop’s dispatch simulation software of NanKai University development . The application in the inventory control of puter simulation Stock the sub system taking to stress the effect wanted in the whole product system. Divide according to stocking the effect of material in the production line, and can be divided into online storehouse and center storehouse. According to stocking the material quality branch, can be divided into that raw material and 8 outside purchases the warehouse and in products warehouse, stock and maintenance spare parts and tool warehouse The purpose of inventory control depends on, and makes the stock invest lastly, and just will satisfy the requirement producing and selling . Simulation as for the inventory control includes: 1) Defining orders goods the tactics 2)Order and order batch are defined 3) Define the distribution of storehouse 4) Define the safety stock standard The reference [ 9 ] has been described the model building and the simulation of the pass the steps , distribution and inventory control system of trends 9 譯文 ： 仿真技術(shù)在制造業(yè)中的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 摘要 在制造企業(yè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和制造的過程中，計算機仿真一直是不可缺少的工具，它在減 少損失、節(jié)約經(jīng)費、縮短開發(fā)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量等方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用。而與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)結(jié)合所帶來的仿真的分布性、與圖形和傳感器技術(shù)相結(jié)合所帶來的仿真的交互性、以及仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用的集成化，是仿真技術(shù)在制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用的新趨勢。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用，制造業(yè) 1 制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程 制造業(yè)（包括機械制造、電子制造、非金屬制品制造、成衣制造以及各種型材制造等部類）是國民經(jīng)濟的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，其生產(chǎn)總值一般占各國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的20%~55%。 為了改進以 T（開發(fā)周期）、 Q（產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量）、 C（開發(fā)成本）、 S（售后服務(wù)）、E（環(huán)境污染程度）為主要衡量指標的產(chǎn)品及產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程，美國在 80 年代末提 10 出了包括系統(tǒng)總體技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)、設(shè)計制造一體化技術(shù)、制造工藝與裝備技術(shù)、支撐技術(shù)五大技術(shù)群在內(nèi)的先進制造技術(shù)（ AMT： Advanced Manufacturing Technology）的概念。制造工藝與裝備技術(shù)群：研究與制造工藝及裝備相關(guān)的各種技術(shù)，如材料生產(chǎn)工藝及裝備（冶煉、軋鋼等）、常規(guī)加工工藝及裝備（鑄造、鍛造、焊接、熱處理等）、少無切削加工工藝及裝備、高速超高速加工工藝及裝備、精密超精密與納米加工工藝及裝備、特種加工工藝及裝備（激光、電子束等）。 2 計算機仿真的發(fā)展及在制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用的概況 計算機仿真技術(shù)作為一門新興的高技術(shù)，其方 法學(xué)建立在計算機能力的基礎(chǔ)之上。從發(fā)展的歷程來看，仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域從傳統(tǒng)的制造領(lǐng)域（生產(chǎn)計劃制定、加工、裝配、測試）正向產(chǎn)品設(shè)計開發(fā)和銷 售領(lǐng)域擴展。敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)等概念本身 就有基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)異地協(xié)作的含義； 3) 與圖形和傳感器技術(shù)相結(jié)合，使仿真的交互性大大增強。在本文的第三部分中，將從以上四個方面，介紹計算機仿真在制造業(yè)中的具體應(yīng)用。 DFM 包括技術(shù)分析和經(jīng)濟分析。 參考文獻 [16]描述了裝配工藝規(guī)劃仿真原型系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)造與實現(xiàn)。 參考文獻 [15]介紹了應(yīng)用于并行工程中的 MPS 系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和主要算法。 面向生產(chǎn)管理的仿真 生產(chǎn) 管理的基本功能是計劃、調(diào)度和控制。比較常見的控制策略有： 1) MRP：這是一種“推”式的控制策略，通過需求預(yù)測，綜合考慮生產(chǎn)設(shè)備能力、原材料可用量和庫存量來制定生產(chǎn)計劃； 2) KANBAN（看板）： 這是一種“拉”式的控制策略，根據(jù)訂單來制定生產(chǎn)計劃，即通常所說的準時生產(chǎn)； 3) LOC：面向負載能力的控制策略。 每種控制策略中需要確定的參數(shù)包括：批量大小、看板數(shù)量、庫存水平等。詳細設(shè)計階段的主要任務(wù)是在初步設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)上，提出對車間各個組成單元的詳盡而完整的描述，使設(shè)計結(jié)果能夠達到進行實驗和投產(chǎn)決策的程度，具體來說即確定設(shè)備、刀具、夾具、托盤、物料處理系統(tǒng)、車間布局等。這些目標可以是滿足交貨日期、產(chǎn)量達到最大，機器的利用率達到最高，或上述目標的組合。我國也已研制開發(fā)了用于車間調(diào)度層的仿真軟件，如：南開大學(xué)研制的 JobShop 調(diào)度仿真軟件，清華大學(xué)與 15 航天部 204 所等單位開發(fā)的工廠仿真調(diào)度環(huán)境 FASE，以及在此基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)的智能規(guī)則調(diào)度系統(tǒng)等 [3]。庫存控制的目的在于，使庫存投資最少，且要滿足生產(chǎn)和銷