【正文】 information technology resources and services。但由于缺乏培訓(xùn)，現(xiàn)有的硬件 /軟件和相關(guān)技術(shù)和教育不足成為 MIS 系統(tǒng)中的障礙，有關(guān)新的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的，也取得了一定成功。 （ 2）系統(tǒng)的分析：收集數(shù)據(jù)，分析 4 remendations. (2) System analysis: gather data, analyze the data, and make a written report. (3) System design: make a preliminary design and a detailed design, and write a report. (4) System development: acquire the hardware and software and test the system. (5) System implementation: convert the hardware, software, and files to the new system and train the users. (6) System maintenance: audit the system, and evaluate it periodically. 3. Function of MIS Using MIS to Reduce Cost Early users of puter systems achieved cost reduction primarily by automating highly laborintensive processes. Today, automation is the only one of a large number of ways MIS to help managers reduce cost and implement a lowcost leadership strategy. The MIS can decrease cost by reducing the amount of labor, the time required for some processes, the rework and waste. Business Process Redesign Companies that blindly automate existing systems rarely eliminate their inefficiencies. Manual processes in most panies are evolved to acmodate 數(shù)據(jù)，并提出一份書面報告。 （ 6）系統(tǒng)維護：審計制度，并定期對其進行評估。 公司現(xiàn)有自動化系統(tǒng)很少且盲目消除，使其效率低下。這種業(yè)務(wù)流程的重新設(shè)計，也被稱為業(yè)務(wù)流程再造（ BPR的），需要最大限度地利用信息技術(shù)，打破傳統(tǒng)觀念如何組織完成其工作。 降低生產(chǎn)成本，需要準確地獲取庫存，既不太早， 也不太晚。技術(shù)可以平坦的組織層次和數(shù)量的減少管理者動機是運動隊的管理。該軟件保持所有文件。建立組織間的系統(tǒng)，大多數(shù)組織僅僅是利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來創(chuàng)造客戶集成系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行電子數(shù)據(jù)交換與供應(yīng)商和客戶。 ERP 系統(tǒng)集成了干凈的不同職能的組織，以便更好地提供重要信息 的用戶和提高數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。論文舉例成功實施 ERP 系統(tǒng)的 SAP R/3 系統(tǒng)推出的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的 ERP 。一體化的生產(chǎn)物流與其他領(lǐng)域的價值鏈的企業(yè)的總體 R/3 系統(tǒng)，確保最佳的調(diào)整處理的所有交易相關(guān)的物流，采購和倉儲，以銷售 和分銷。實時，在線獲取銷售信息，例如任務(wù)，訂單輸入，供貨和結(jié)算都精簡。在 R / 3 系統(tǒng)具有以下功能的人 力資源管理：人事管理，業(yè)務(wù)事件處理，時間管理處理，工資單處理，和薪金管理。它特別適用于企業(yè)從事制造業(yè)，貿(mào)易，或服務(wù)行業(yè)。 11 References: [1] R. Harrison, M. Metaanalysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2020,(2): 115. [2] C. Potts. Software Engineering Research Revisited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234250. [3]. Farhoomand, . Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2020, (1) :19. [4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J]. Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 4562. 參考文獻 : [1] R. Harrison, M. Metaanalysis of Multidisciplinary Research[J]. Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2020,(2): 115. [2] C. Potts. Software Engineering Research Revisited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234250. [3] . Farhoomand, . Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2020, (1) :19. [4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J]. Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 4562.