【正文】
e location selected by the part programmer to be the Z zero datum, the readout in the control unit is also zero for that particular tool. There are different methods of ensuring that the correct programmed Z movement of each tool occurs at the required part of the work: ( a) Determining the Z offset values ( b) Presetting length of tools ( c) Use of sensor probes. ? Moving the spindle During the setting up the tools have to be advanced on the Z axis 。這就要求時(shí),或結(jié)束每個(gè)工具接觸到的部分工作或是在選定的位置由部分程序員是數(shù)零基準(zhǔn),讀出的控制單元也為零,特殊工具 。參見 第 3 章信息的 刀 具 。 允許一些在定位上機(jī)臺副緯度 ,并提供間隙,以防止被激活的微型覆蓋,選擇一個(gè)安全的位置改變工作程序坐標(biāo)是 X150 和 Y170。 這樣是工具到操作者的手中。在這里有必要計(jì)算坐標(biāo)主軸頭移動,以便有足夠的空間操作無干擾的傳輸機(jī)制是必不可少的。 這 樣 會布置 儀表為的是 可以間隙為 25mm 和 10mm 分別在 X 軸和 Y軸 方向上進(jìn)行微動 。參考圖 ,機(jī)器設(shè)置點(diǎn)是在機(jī) X175 和 Y110 的坐標(biāo)。 工作表 應(yīng)該先被 定位 能 讓在高速主 軸的刀具 可拆卸和更換不受 來自 工作或副 主軸的影響 。 M06 也會將關(guān)閉冷卻液如果它流動。 要確定一個(gè)安全的位置變化,有必要考慮工作的工作臺上的位置的坐標(biāo)編程工具。換刀選擇的坐標(biāo)為 X300 和 Y100??刂葡到y(tǒng)可自動定位的刀具主軸換刀編程工具的傳輸機(jī)制時(shí),準(zhǔn)備在正確的位置。為了 提供足夠的空 間進(jìn)行工作的變化,機(jī)械表應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離主軸上的刀具和機(jī)器的前面或到最近的位置,便于操作者 操作 。 機(jī)器的設(shè)定點(diǎn) X175 和 Y110,因此最大可能的機(jī)器的運(yùn)動 儀表在機(jī)器的右邊和機(jī)器的前面是 在 X軸上 175mm,并 在 Y 軸上 300100=190mm。如果該 刀 具有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的識別可識字的感應(yīng)機(jī)制,裝載的 刀 具在特定的 位置 并不重要。 ? 設(shè)置刀具的 Z 坐標(biāo) 所使用的工具,將有不同的長度,和 刀具 具已設(shè)置,編程運(yùn)動發(fā)生在相關(guān)工作的一部分。這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動在主軸的工具手動控制利用慢速設(shè)施或電子手輪的。 確保機(jī)器上的持有人的機(jī)制設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)確保刀架在機(jī)器上只有一個(gè)位置,這是有可能找到適當(dāng)注意操作的安全應(yīng)付。但也有一些優(yōu)勢用這種方法加載工具。檢查將不會增加,因?yàn)樗梢园l(fā)生時(shí)已加載的工具是切割加工時(shí)間。刀具識別是非常重要的,因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)錯(cuò)誤的刀具,可以造成相當(dāng)大的事故。一種方法是有一個(gè)特殊的立場,在該刀具在編號的地點(diǎn)舉行 連接到控制單元的立場。一個(gè)系統(tǒng)用于識別工具本身有一系列環(huán)或光盤上裝有刀架體加工中心。創(chuàng)建一個(gè)二進(jìn)制數(shù)字格式信號激活和間隔環(huán)放置在選定的地方,如在圖 所示。有各 種方式,在不同類型的工具可以識別的。 這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有兩種形式于一體,形成有持有與安裝的柄膠囊刀柄嵌入膠囊。讀數(shù)頭包含電路和電感耦合產(chǎn)生的數(shù)量??梢允?16位工具,細(xì)節(jié)上的工具設(shè)置的長度和直徑偏移,刀具壽命等。另一種類型都有一個(gè)拉桿傳遞到刀柄結(jié)束通過主軸和螺釘?shù)闹行睦胫鬏S持有人的安全。裝載手冊的工具持有人可以被釋放時(shí),操作員按下一個(gè)按鈕機(jī)頭。這種類型的持有人,來自推動主軸刀架在插槽從事鼻子上的電源鍵。 外文原文二 Tool changing arrangements For efficient operation of numerically controlled machine tools it is essential that the correct tools are available at the time required. The tool change should be capable of being carried out as quickly as possible because although it is essential to change tools, time spent on carrying out these operations does nothing positive to the work。 there is a microawitch for each rings are referred to as ‘ spacers’ and do not activate a microawitch. A signal in binary number format is created by placing activating and spacer rings at selected places, as shown in Figure . the number created by certain of the microawitches being activated is sent to the control unit. There is usually a screwed collar which can be removed so that the rings and spacers can be arranged in the designed sequence to create the tool number. It is essential to have a tool library which lists all the tools available. There are various ways in which the different types of tools can be identified. In Figure the binary by the top three rings can be used to indicate the type of tool, and the remainder of the rings can be used to indicate the size of the tool. Another tool identification system uses small sealed capsules embedded in the shank of the holder. The housings of the capsules are waterproof and are made of stainless steel。 these have tapers with maximum size of the order of 16 ㎜ and 108 ㎜ respectively. This type of holder derives the driving power keys on the spindle nose engaging in slots in the tool holder. The taper section is to ensure that when the tool holder is drawn into the spindle nose, the centre of the tool is coin cident with the centre of the spindle. The tool holder can be removed quickly and easily because the taper does not lock, and the tool holder is free when the clamping mechanism is released. The tool holders with the Morse taper shanks derive the driving power from the friction beteewn the shank and the spindle, and there has to be some form of ejection device to remove the tool holder. 譯文三 刀庫 刀庫較為普遍比車削中心上銑削和鉆孔機(jī)。此外,作為該雜志的容量增加,以容納更多的工具,雜志較大,因此較重的是,需要更多的維修。 該設(shè)備是特別有用,當(dāng)機(jī) 器下的計(jì)算機(jī)控制 原文三 Tool magazine Tool magazine are more monly found on milling and drilling machines than on turning centers. This is because milling and drilling operations require a larger variety of cutting tools than does turning. The number of tools held in magazines has to be very carefully considered. The greater the number of tools in use, the more problems there are in tool maintenance and the higher the tooling costs. In addition, as the capacity of the magazine is increased to acmodate more tools, the larger and consequently heavier the magazine have to be , and the more maintenance is required. More power is required to move the larger magazine. There has to be a balance between cost of tools readily available and increased time required for tool replacement. An advantage of tool magazines is that tools subject to excessive wear can be duplicated so that, when a tool has reached the end of its life, another is ready for use. This facility is particularly useful when the machines are under pter control 譯文 四 帶有自動換刀方法的加工中心配置合成 本文件的目的是出席一個(gè)自動換刀加工中心配置的綜合設(shè)計(jì)方法,以滿足所需的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動特性。此外,這項(xiàng)工作提供了一個(gè)綜合的空間開放與拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動的要求類型的機(jī)制系統(tǒng)的方法。在過去數(shù)年,只是在加工中心結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的重點(diǎn)幾篇文章。列舍托夫和波特曼( 1988)提出的合成與功能相同的成型機(jī)床配置的配置代碼。該系統(tǒng)自動執(zhí)行之間的主軸和一個(gè)加工中心刀庫工具的變化被稱為自動換刀( ATC)的。機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)在很大程度上決定了加工表面, 剛度準(zhǔn)確性和動態(tài)品質(zhì)。最簡單的 ATC 是一個(gè)沒有變化機(jī)制的設(shè)計(jì)工具,工具之間的雜志和主軸實(shí)現(xiàn)相對運(yùn)動換刀的議案。對機(jī)器的一個(gè)組成部分運(yùn)動產(chǎn)生積極的方向是,這將導(dǎo)致越來越工件的積極方面。 拓?fù)湫枨? 拓?fù)湟蠼Y(jié)束根據(jù)現(xiàn)有機(jī)制的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。 必須有一個(gè)頂點(diǎn),這是一個(gè)從頂點(diǎn)從幀路徑主軸頭頂點(diǎn) 的分支為工具雜志。而且,如果有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動對或一對圓柱,它必須與工具的事件雜志。 選擇一個(gè)頂點(diǎn),它是由 主軸頭路位于工作臺,因?yàn)榭蚣堋? 聯(lián)合分配規(guī)則 與主軸邊緣事件被指定為一轉(zhuǎn)動一對。 該工具雜志頂點(diǎn)位于從主軸頭支到框架。圖 7 顯示了計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)流程圖和拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的號碼,滿足拓?fù)湟蠛拖拗?,在?3 中列出。 Yan and Hsu,