【正文】 oins with the puter work, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the computer work for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the puter work, carries on the generatrix differential motion protection the putation, if the puted result proof is the generatrix interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatrix isolation. When generatrix area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for exterior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional generatrix protection principle which realizes with the puter work, has the high reliability pared to the traditional central generatrix protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatrix entire the malignant accident which excises, this regarding looks like the Three Ges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatrix the system key position to be extremely important. By above may know, microputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microputer protection development inevitable trend. protections, control, survey, data munication integrations In realization relay protection puterizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multipurpose puter, is in an e 6 ntire electrical power system puter work intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the , also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the work control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microputer protective device not only may plete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to plete the survey, the control, the data munication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data munication integration. At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely plex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration puter installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the puter work, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the work with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the putation judgment。 【 關鍵詞 】繼電保護現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展，繼電保護的未來發(fā)展 1 繼電保護發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對繼電 保護不斷提出新的要求，電子技術，計算機技術的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電保護技術的發(fā)展注入新的活力，因此，繼電保護技術是有利的，在 40多年的時間里已完成發(fā)展了 4個歷史階段。因而在 60年代中我國已建成了繼電保護研究、設計、制造、運行和教學的完整體系。其中天津大學與南京電力自動化設備廠合作研究的 500kv晶體管方向高頻保護和南京電力自動化研究院研制的晶體管高頻閉鎖距離保護，運行于葛洲壩 500 kv線路上，結(jié)束了 500kv線路保護完全依靠從國外進口的時代。在這方面南京電力自動化研究院研制的集成電路工頻變化量方向高頻保護起了重要作用，天津大學與南京電力自動化設備廠合作研制的集成電路相電壓補償式方向高頻保護也在多條 220kv和 500kv線路上運行。在主設備保護方面，東南大學和華中理工大學研制的發(fā)電機失磁保護、發(fā)電機保護和發(fā)電機 ?變壓器組保護也相繼于 198 1994年通過鑒定，投入運行。隨著微機保護裝置的研究，在微機保護軟件、算法等方面也取得了很多理論成果。原華北電力學院研制的微機線路保護硬件已經(jīng)歷了 3個發(fā)展階段：從 8位單 cpu 結(jié)構的微機保護問世，不到 5 年時間就發(fā)展到多 cpu 結(jié)構，后又發(fā)展到總線不出模塊的大模塊結(jié)構，性能大大提高，得到了廣泛應用。天津大學一開始即研制以 16位多 cpu 為基礎的微機線路保護， 1988年即開始研究以 32位數(shù)字信號處理器 (dsp)為基礎的保護、控制、測量一體化微機裝置，目前已與珠海晉電自動化設備公司合作研制成一種功能齊全的 32位大模塊，一個模塊就是一個小型計算機。這就要求微機保護裝置具有相當于一臺 pc 機的功能。天津大學已研制成用同微機保護裝置結(jié)構完全相同的一種工控機加以改造作成的繼電保護裝置。 繼電保護裝置的微機化、計算機化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢。到目前為止，除了差動保護和縱聯(lián)保護外，所有繼電保護裝置都只能反 11 應保護安裝處的電氣量。因繼電保護的作用不只限于切除故障元件和限制事故影響范圍 (這是首要任務 )，還要保證全系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行。 對于一般的非系統(tǒng)保護，實現(xiàn)保護裝置的計算機聯(lián)網(wǎng)也有很大的好處。天津大學 1993年針對未來三峽水電站 500kv超高壓多回路母線提出了一種分布式母線保護的原理，初步研制成功了這種裝置。因為如果一個保護單元受到干擾或計算錯誤而誤動時，只能錯誤地跳開本回路，不會造成使母線整個被切除的惡性事故，這對于象三峽電站具有超高壓母線的系統(tǒng)樞紐非常重要。因此，每個微機保護裝置不但可完成繼電保護功能，而且在無故障正常運行情況下還可完成測量、控制、數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，亦即實現(xiàn)保護、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化。如果用光纖作為網(wǎng)絡的傳輸介質(zhì)，還可免除電磁干擾。從主控室通過網(wǎng)絡可將對被保護設備的操作控制命令送到此一體化裝置，由此一體化裝置執(zhí)行斷路器的操作。例如在輸電線兩側(cè)系統(tǒng)電勢角度擺開情況下發(fā)生經(jīng)過渡電阻的短路就是一非線性問題，距離保護很難正確作出故障位置的判別，從而造成誤動或拒動；如果用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡方法，經(jīng)過大量故障樣本的訓練，只要樣本集中充分考慮了各種情況，則在發(fā)生任何故障時都可正確判別。可以預見，人工智能技術在繼電保護領域必會得到應用，以解決用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問題。