【正文】 oins with the puter work, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the computer work for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the puter work, carries on the generatrix differential motion protection the putation, if the puted result proof is the generatrix interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatrix isolation. When generatrix area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for exterior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional generatrix protection principle which realizes with the puter work, has the high reliability pared to the traditional central generatrix protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatrix entire the malignant accident which excises, this regarding looks like the Three Ges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatrix the system key position to be extremely important. By above may know, microputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microputer protection development inevitable trend. protections, control, survey, data munication integrations In realization relay protection puterizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multipurpose puter, is in an e 6 ntire electrical power system puter work intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the , also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the work control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microputer protective device not only may plete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to plete the survey, the control, the data munication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data munication integration. At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely plex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration puter installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the puter work, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the work with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the putation judgment。 【 關(guān)鍵詞 】繼電保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展，繼電保護(hù)的未來發(fā)展 1 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對(duì)繼電 保護(hù)不斷提出新的要求，電子技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展注入新的活力，因此，繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)是有利的，在 40多年的時(shí)間里已完成發(fā)展了 4個(gè)歷史階段。因而在 60年代中我國已建成了繼電保護(hù)研究、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、運(yùn)行和教學(xué)的完整體系。其中天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研究的 500kv晶體管方向高頻保護(hù)和南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的晶體管高頻閉鎖距離保護(hù)，運(yùn)行于葛洲壩 500 kv線路上，結(jié)束了 500kv線路保護(hù)完全依靠從國外進(jìn)口的時(shí)代。在這方面南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的集成電路工頻變化量方向高頻保護(hù)起了重要作用，天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研制的集成電路相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保護(hù)也在多條 220kv和 500kv線路上運(yùn)行。在主設(shè)備保護(hù)方面，東南大學(xué)和華中理工大學(xué)研制的發(fā)電機(jī)失磁保護(hù)、發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)和發(fā)電機(jī) ?變壓器組保護(hù)也相繼于 198 1994年通過鑒定，投入運(yùn)行。隨著微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的研究，在微機(jī)保護(hù)軟件、算法等方面也取得了很多理論成果。原華北電力學(xué)院研制的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)硬件已經(jīng)歷了 3個(gè)發(fā)展階段：從 8位單 cpu 結(jié)構(gòu)的微機(jī)保護(hù)問世，不到 5 年時(shí)間就發(fā)展到多 cpu 結(jié)構(gòu)，后又發(fā)展到總線不出模塊的大模塊結(jié)構(gòu)，性能大大提高，得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。天津大學(xué)一開始即研制以 16位多 cpu 為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)， 1988年即開始研究以 32位數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器 (dsp)為基礎(chǔ)的保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量一體化微機(jī)裝置，目前已與珠海晉電自動(dòng)化設(shè)備公司合作研制成一種功能齊全的 32位大模塊，一個(gè)模塊就是一個(gè)小型計(jì)算機(jī)。這就要求微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置具有相當(dāng)于一臺(tái) pc 機(jī)的功能。天津大學(xué)已研制成用同微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同的一種工控機(jī)加以改造作成的繼電保護(hù)裝置。 繼電保護(hù)裝置的微機(jī)化、計(jì)算機(jī)化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。到目前為止，除了差動(dòng)保護(hù)和縱聯(lián)保護(hù)外，所有繼電保護(hù)裝置都只能反 11 應(yīng)保護(hù)安裝處的電氣量。因繼電保護(hù)的作用不只限于切除故障元件和限制事故影響范圍 (這是首要任務(wù) )，還要保證全系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 對(duì)于一般的非系統(tǒng)保護(hù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)裝置的計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)也有很大的好處。天津大學(xué) 1993年針對(duì)未來三峽水電站 500kv超高壓多回路母線提出了一種分布式母線保護(hù)的原理，初步研制成功了這種裝置。因?yàn)槿绻粋€(gè)保護(hù)單元受到干擾或計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤而誤動(dòng)時(shí)，只能錯(cuò)誤地跳開本回路，不會(huì)造成使母線整個(gè)被切除的惡性事故，這對(duì)于象三峽電站具有超高壓母線的系統(tǒng)樞紐非常重要。因此，每個(gè)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置不但可完成繼電保護(hù)功能，而且在無故障正常運(yùn)行情況下還可完成測(cè)量、控制、數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，亦即實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化。如果用光纖作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)的傳輸介質(zhì)，還可免除電磁干擾。從主控室通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)可將對(duì)被保護(hù)設(shè)備的操作控制命令送到此一體化裝置，由此一體化裝置執(zhí)行斷路器的操作。例如在輸電線兩側(cè)系統(tǒng)電勢(shì)角度擺開情況下發(fā)生經(jīng)過渡電阻的短路就是一非線性問題，距離保護(hù)很難正確作出故障位置的判別，從而造成誤動(dòng)或拒動(dòng)；如果用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法，經(jīng)過大量故障樣本的訓(xùn)練，只要樣本集中充分考慮了各種情況，則在發(fā)生任何故障時(shí)都可正確判別?？梢灶A(yù)見，人工智能技術(shù)在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域必會(huì)得到應(yīng)用，以解決用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問題。