【正文】 system rapid development to the relay protection proposed unceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, puter technology and the munication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has pleted the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 years time. After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 5039。s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 6039。s integrated circuit protection,substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 9039。s to enter the time which the microcomputer protected. 2 relay protections future development 3 The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to puterizes, worked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data communication integration development. puterizes Along with the puter hardware swift and violent development, the microputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi cpu structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microputers protection. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 cpu is the foundation microputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment pany develops one kind of function plete 32 big modules, a module was a miniputer. Uses 32 microputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect。s electric power system protection technology has undergone four times. With the rapid development of power systems and puter technology, munications technology, relay technology faces the further development of the trend. Domestic and international trends in the development of protection technologies: puterization, working, protection, control, measurement, data munications integration and artificial intelligence, which made protection workers difficult task, but also opened up the activities of vast. 8 繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 單位：天津電力協(xié)會 XXX 譯 【 摘要 】 回顧我國電力系統(tǒng)繼保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展的過程中，概述了微機(jī)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的成就，提出了未來繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢將是：計(jì)算機(jī)化，電網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，保護(hù)，控制，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，數(shù)據(jù)通信一體 化和人工智能化。阿城繼電器廠引進(jìn)消化了當(dāng)時(shí)國外先進(jìn)的繼電器制造技術(shù)，建立了我國自己的繼電器制造業(yè)。 60年代中到 80年代中是晶體管繼電保護(hù)蓬勃發(fā)展和廣泛采用的時(shí)代。到 90年代初集成電路保護(hù)的研制、 9 生產(chǎn)、應(yīng)用仍處于主導(dǎo)地位，這是集成電路保護(hù)時(shí)代。 1984年原華北電力學(xué)院研制的輸電線路微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置首先通過鑒定，并在系統(tǒng)中獲得應(yīng)用，揭開了我國繼電保護(hù)發(fā)展史上新的一頁，為微機(jī)保護(hù)的推廣開辟了道路。至此，不同原理、不同機(jī)型的微機(jī)線路和主設(shè)備保護(hù)各具特色，為電力系統(tǒng)提供了一批新一代性能優(yōu)良、功能齊全、工作可靠的繼電保護(hù)裝置。 計(jì)算機(jī)化 隨著計(jì)算機(jī)硬件的迅猛發(fā)展，微機(jī)保護(hù)硬件也在不斷發(fā)展。東南大學(xué)研制的微機(jī)主設(shè)備保護(hù)的硬件也 10 經(jīng)過了多次改進(jìn)和提高。 電力系統(tǒng)對微機(jī)保護(hù)的要求不斷提高，除了保護(hù)的基本功能外，還應(yīng)具有大容量故障信息和數(shù)據(jù)的長期存放空間，快速的數(shù)據(jù)處理功能，強(qiáng)大的通信能力，與其它保護(hù)、控制裝置和調(diào)度聯(lián)網(wǎng)以共享全系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)、信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的能力，高級語言編程等?，F(xiàn)在，同微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置大小相似的工控機(jī)的功能、速度、存儲容量大大超過了當(dāng)年的小型機(jī)，因此，用成套工控機(jī)作成繼電保護(hù)的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟，這將是微機(jī)保護(hù)的發(fā)展方向之一。 (3)采用 std總線或 pc 總線，硬件模塊化，對于不同的保護(hù)可任意選用不同模塊，配置靈活、容易擴(kuò)展。它深刻影響著各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，也為各個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域提供了強(qiáng)有力的通信手段。國外早已提出過系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的概念，這在當(dāng)時(shí)主要指安全自動裝置。這在當(dāng)前的技術(shù)條件下是完全可能的。 對于某些保護(hù)裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)，也能提高保護(hù)的可靠性。這種用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)的分布式母線保護(hù)原理，比傳統(tǒng)的集中式母線保護(hù)原理有較高的可靠性。它可從網(wǎng)上獲取電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行和故障的任何信息和數(shù)據(jù)，也可將它所獲得的被保護(hù)元件的任何信息和數(shù)據(jù)傳送給網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制中心或任一終端。但是如果將上述的保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化的計(jì)算機(jī)裝置，就地安裝在室外變電站的被保護(hù)設(shè)備旁，將被保護(hù)設(shè)備的電壓、電流量在此裝置內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量后，通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)送到主控室，則可免除大量的控制電纜。 ota和 otv的光信號輸入到此一體化裝置中并轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號后，一方面用作保護(hù)的計(jì)算判斷；另一方面作為測量量，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)送到主控室。神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種非線性映射的方法，很多難以列出方程式或難以求解的復(fù)雜的非線性問題，應(yīng)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法則可迎刃而解。天津大學(xué)從 1996年起進(jìn)行神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)式繼電保護(hù)的研究，已取得初步成果。國內(nèi)外繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)發(fā)展的趨勢為：計(jì)算機(jī)化，網(wǎng)絡(luò)化，保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化和人工智能化，這對繼電保護(hù)工作者提出了艱巨的任務(wù)，也開辟了活動的廣闊天地。 3結(jié)束語 建國以來，我國電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)經(jīng)歷了 4個(gè)時(shí)代。其它如遺傳算法、進(jìn)化規(guī)劃等也都有其獨(dú)特的求解復(fù)雜問題的能力。 1992年天津大學(xué)提出了保護(hù)、控制、測量、通信一體化問題，并研制了以 tms320c25 數(shù)字信號處理器 (dsp)為基礎(chǔ)的一個(gè)保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化裝置。現(xiàn)在光電流互感器 (ota)和光電壓互感器 (otv)已在研究試驗(yàn)階段，將來必然在電力系統(tǒng)中得到應(yīng)用。