【正文】 ?efficiency效率?telemunication電訊?assembly line流水線?give people more leisure time給人們更多休閑時(shí)間, ?The development of technology has made it possible for people to do ?科技的發(fā)展使人們做。?Means of public transport: airplane, ship, cruises, ferry, coach, shuttle bus, light rail?mobility移動(dòng)性?pedestrian行人?traffic conditions(worsen, deteriorate, go from bad to worse), 交通狀況惡化?traffic regulations/codes交通規(guī)則(obey遵守, violate違背), ?traffic congestions, traffic jams, ?heavy traffic擁擠的交通?light traffic比較暢通的交通, ?crowded street擁擠的道路?Cars dominate our 。產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響?Emphasis on memorisation adversely influences one’s academic 創(chuàng)造性?Come at the expense/cost of creativity以犧牲創(chuàng)造力為代價(jià)?Lower/raise the standard of…降低了。 it es to something: “當(dāng)我們談到…時(shí)”，用于文章開頭。: “足夠的”，用在資金，資源等單詞前做修飾語，替代enough。: 過去式和過去分詞為shrank，shrunk，“縮小，減少”，用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的decrease。: “減輕，緩解”，用于消極概念前，詞組為relieve somebody of something“消除某人的…。: “（廣泛，大范圍）的從事”，常與laws and regulations, policy或其他類似范疇的單詞連用，用來替代carry out。: “前景，未來”，用來替代future。: “主要的”，用來替代main。 investment into: “投資，投入”，投資是解決社會(huì)問題的一個(gè)核心方式，因此這個(gè)詞組在英語寫作中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到。 / stimulate: “鼓勵(lì)”，替代encourage。生活垃圾也可以表達(dá)為household wastes。 rise to something: “引發(fā)，導(dǎo)致…的出現(xiàn)”，積極消極概念都可以使用。: “經(jīng)?！?，替代often，表示發(fā)生頻率很高。: 這個(gè)詞才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是munication。: “采納，采用”，與表示“觀點(diǎn)，方法，政策，法令”等英語單詞搭配使用，用來替代adopt。這三個(gè)單詞一般都用在消極的單詞上。: “衰退”，表示數(shù)字下降得比較緩慢，在圖表作文中根據(jù)圖表曲線的實(shí)際情況使用，替代我們使用的普通單詞decrease。 / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鑒別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。Finance 金融 financial : “困難，有難度”，用來替代difficult。 importance to something: 表示“重視，強(qiáng)調(diào)”，替代pay attention to。 alert to something: “對(duì)…保持警惕”，后面接消極概念。: “足夠的”，用來替代經(jīng)常被使用的enough。p230。 stable/stably 穩(wěn)定的 ：number, figure, statistics ：proportion ：percentage 四．引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)：According to a research,…/ A scientific research indicates…：According to statistics,…, Statistics show(indicate, suggest)that…：It is a wellknown fact that…, It is widely believed that…, It is a widelyheld belief that…, It is true that…, There is no denying the fact that…，例如：like, such as, for example, for instance, take example, …is a perfect example, …is an illustrating ．議論文常用表達(dá)（think）: assume, argue, , that, believe, deem, reckon, maintain, suppose, conceive, consider, perceive，insist, to my knowledge, when it es to me, for my part, as for me, in my point of view, in the eyes of me, the way I see it，hold the(opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea)personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle ：give weight to, give stress to, attach importance to ：place weight on, put emphasis on ：approve of, vote for, stand by ：disapprove of, object to, be opposed to ：make every effort to do, many effort should be made to do, spare no effort to do ：be determined to do, make up one’s mind to do, be convinced to do ： e to a conclusion that…, arrive at a conclusion that…, reach a conclusion that…：adhere to, insist on, persist in 10．打算：mean to do, intend to do, attempt to do ：be aware of, be conscious of, realize：（介詞，副詞）Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, monly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to start with Then: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, secondarily, what is more, furthermore Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally Too: as well(句末), in addition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else So(adv.): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, that’s whyBecause: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that But: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 讓步although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that Only: just, merely, barely, solely, rarely Without: excluding Very: extremely, exceedingly, absolutely, pletely Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally, trulyShow: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example(reason, explanation)of, bear out, point out, point toward… Know: realize, prehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with, Get: acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain Suggest: have a proposal in, Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway, Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate… Make: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture。 steady/steadily 穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的 167。 dramatic/dramatically 戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的 167。第一篇：issue 常用替換詞第一類：巨大: bigcolossal/ enormous/ immense/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious/ titanic/ tremendous小的: smalldiminutive/ miniature/ miniscule快的(副詞):fastly—by leaps and bounds加強(qiáng): strengthenbolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify(可以用在argument)強(qiáng)的: strongbrawny/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable/ invincible/ potent/ robust/ virile/ stalwart/ stout/ sturdy強(qiáng)人: baron(巨頭)magnate/ mogul削弱: weakendiminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane弱的: weak—feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous重要的: important –consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental重要: importance—core/ hub/ essence/ gist/magnitude（類似的）居首位的: leading—foremost/ paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme不重要的: unimportant—marginal/ peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial超過: surpass—eclips