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........................13 鋁法除釩 ...........................................................13 硫化氫法除釩 .......................................................14 有機(jī)物法除釩 .......................................................14 粗四氯化鈦幾種除釩工藝的比較 .........................................14 第 4章 銅絲除釩工藝的研究和探討 ......................................16 銅絲法除釩的發(fā)展背景 ................................................16 銅絲法除釩過程 .....................................................16 銅絲法除釩的熱力學(xué)理論分析 ..........................................18 電化學(xué)理論 ........................................................18 銅絲法除釩的電化學(xué)計算 ............................................19 銅絲法除釩的不足及改進(jìn) ..............................................19 第五章 銅絲除釩廢棄物的分析和利用 ...................................21 銅絲除釩廢棄物的分析 ................................................21 廢棄物回收利用的方案 ................................................21 實(shí)驗(yàn)原料 ..........................................................21 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑 .........................................................22 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案 .........................................................22 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的結(jié)果與討論 ................................................24 沉淀泥漿的自氧化過程 ..............................................24 自氧化泥漿堿洗脫氯 ................................................25 銅與釩的綜合回收 ..................................................26 小結(jié) ................................................................28 結(jié)論 .....................................................................29 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................30 致謝 .....................................................................32 四氯化鈦以銅除釩及泥漿處理工藝探討 專業(yè)班級:冶金 0602 學(xué)生姓名: XXX 指導(dǎo)教師: XXX 職稱: 副教授 摘要 四氯化鈦是生產(chǎn)海綿鈦和鈦白的重要原料 。粗 TiC14中的釩雜質(zhì)主要是三氯氧釩和少量的四氯化釩,它們的存在使 TiC14呈黃色。 關(guān)鍵字: 四氯化鈦 釩 銅絲除釩 泥漿 回收利用 Discussion About the Removal of Vanadium From Titanium Tetrachloride by Copper Wire and the Treatment of Castoff Slurry Abstract Titanium tetrachloride is an important raw material of titanium sponge and titanium dioxide production .Crude TiC14 is a reddish brown color muddy liquid with a number of harmful impurities , which position is impurities affect the mechanical properties of sponge titanium and the quality of titanium dioxide powder directly , so it necessary to purify crude TiC14 . Vanadium impurities in crude TIC14 mainly are vanadium oxychloride and a small amount of vanadium tetrachloride , their presence make TiC14 yellow. The difference of boiling point(only 9 ℃ ) and relative volatility() between TIC14 and V0C13 are quite small , so in industrial production , generally remove vanadium by chemical method..Chemical method of removing vanadium in crude TiC14 is adding a chemical reagent , which makes VOC13 impurity selective reduction or selective precipitation , and the insoluble vanadium pounds are mutual separated with TiC14. In this paper, the physical characteristics ponents of liquid titanium tetrachloride is expatiated; pare and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of four methods of industrial method to except vanadium and their applications; analyze and discuss the principle and the choice of separation methods of removal vanadium by copper wire ; calculate the feasibility of redox reactions theoretically; analyse and research the waste generating from the technology of removal of vanadium by copper wire , and the important products in the process of recycling from wastes. In order to solve the problem of wastewater and castoff slurry in the process of removing vanadium from the crude TiCl4 by copper wire , we discuss a new method for recycle which avoid the pollution and recover the copper and vanadium efficiently .The method is that when carrying out precipitation by caustic soda solution, the PH is 11 at 80℃ for an hour , the condition for lixivium of copper is that PH is between 2 and at the temperature of 80 ℃ , vanadium is restored mainly in the kind of V2O5 at 550℃ . It has the advantages of simple technology, easy operation, high metal recovery, low cost. Key Words Titanium tetrachloride Vanadium Removing vanadium by copper wire Slurry Recycling 1 第 1章 前言 四氯化鈦的性質(zhì)和用途 四氯化鈦( Titanium Tetrachloride)是生產(chǎn)海綿鈦和氯化法生產(chǎn)鈦白最重要的中間產(chǎn)物。四氯化鈦不能離解為 Ti4+離子,但在含有 Cl 離子的溶液中可形 (TiC16)2絡(luò)合陰離子。xH2O)和氯化氫,產(chǎn)生大量白色煙霧,有強(qiáng)烈的刺激性氣味 [1],因此,軍事上曾 利用四氯化鈦的這種性質(zhì)來作煙幕彈,在農(nóng)業(yè)上,人們用 TiCl4形成的濃霧覆蓋地面,減少夜間地面熱量的散失,保護(hù)蔬菜和農(nóng)作物不受嚴(yán)寒、霜凍的危害。另外,四氯化鈦還被廣泛用于虹彩劑、人造珍珠、顏料、織物媒染劑、生產(chǎn)聚乙烯等的催化劑等,還是一種性能良好的溶劑,可溶解多種有機(jī)物,如 合成樹脂、橡膠和塑料等 [2]。只有在 d 軌道全空 (即 d0)的情況下,原子結(jié)構(gòu)才是比較穩(wěn)定的,因此鈦以失去 4 個電子為特征,主要氧化態(tài)有 +4, +3 及少量 +2 價的化合物。鈦是一種可在太空、陸地、海洋及人體中廣泛應(yīng)用的 “全能金屬 ”,可以說,鈦是當(dāng)代最具技術(shù)魅力的金屬材料 [5]。此外,鈦金屬還被用于制造一些耐腐蝕較強(qiáng)的手術(shù)器械和醫(yī)療儀器,據(jù)有關(guān)資料報道,今后醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的鈦金屬年用量將達(dá)到 萬噸 ; 在建筑方面,日本已將鈦金屬用于宙宇屋頂、神殿和其他一些建筑屋頂,表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)良的性能 ; 另外,在汽車工業(yè)方面,美國、日本一些公司己開始應(yīng)用大量的鈦材部件,其強(qiáng)度和抗氧化性能都表現(xiàn)很突出。另外,金屬鈦具有重量輕,強(qiáng)度大,優(yōu)良的導(dǎo)熱性和抗腐蝕等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。鈦及其合金已不再是新型的稀有金屬材料,隨著對其研究的深入,鈦及其合金無疑將是 21 世紀(jì)最重要的金屬材料。目前,鈦生產(chǎn)的工藝流程通常為 :鈦礦渣 →氯化 →粗 TiCl4→精制 TiCl4→海綿鈦 →鈦材或鈦部件 [13]。而釩雜質(zhì)主要是以 VOCl3和少量 VCl4的形式存在。 對于化學(xué)除釩法,可使用的化學(xué)試劑已達(dá)數(shù)十種,除了銅、鋁粉、硫化氫和有機(jī)物四種已在工 業(yè)上廣泛應(yīng)用外,還有碳、活性炭、硅酸、硅粉、鉛、鋅、鐵、銻、鎳、鈣、鎂、鈦、 TiCl3TiCl FeAlCl CH2O、熔鹽、氫、天然氣、肥皂、水等。目前,世界各國 TiCl4產(chǎn)能合計約為 。另外,高純鈦及其合金的優(yōu)異性能已突顯,我國現(xiàn)有的工業(yè)脫釩方法還不能滿足高純鈦脫釩的要求,所得精 TiCl4中過高的釩及