【正文】
復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則一、規(guī)則變化如下:1)一般情況加 –s:mapmaps boyboys2)以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾加 –es busbuses watchwatches3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y 為i再加es babybabies citycities countrycountries,但以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),:two Marys the Henrys monkeymonkeys holidayholidays 4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):(其一必定是o)時(shí),加es zoozoos kangarookangarooes photophotos pianopianos ,都發(fā)o5)以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí): ,如:beliefbeliefs roofroofs ,fe 加ves,如:halfhalves,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs / 、不規(guī)則變化(需額外記憶)1)childchildren footfeet toothteeth mousemice manmen womanwomen注意:由一個(gè)詞加 man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是men 和women,如an Englishman,two ,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the )單復(fù)同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four 、角、分外,美元、英鎊、:a dollar,two dollars。The girl was always changing her 。用來陳述原因或用作借口。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來引出一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作,這種用法頗有點(diǎn)兒像鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)換。如:He told me that he was going 。例:He waswatchingTVwhenhis mothercamein.{當(dāng)他媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí),他正在看電視}特殊用法 折疊當(dāng)句子意思很清楚時(shí),我們也可以把兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都換成一般過去時(shí)。(指過去長期如此)He was being 。,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與 always,forever,continually等副詞連用。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)如:He fell asleep when he was 。While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a 。t/weren’=特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+其它例句 折疊We were having supper when the phone ,電話響了?This time yesterday Jack was not watching ?!爸髡Z+was/were not +”構(gòu)成。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)He was cleaning his car while I was 。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。其形式為was /were + Ving。I intended to have joined their games.—I had intended to join their 。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.(from )(4)在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加ed。動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式,不規(guī)則變化通常需要逐個(gè)記憶,規(guī)則變化則遵循以下原則:(1)一般在動(dòng)詞后加ed。(2)表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I was there a moment 。:①陳述句:She is a → Is she a student?否定句→ She is not a student.②陳述句:I can → Can you swim否定句→ I can not swim.(2)當(dāng)句子中即沒有be動(dòng)詞,也沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),則在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do(you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does(單數(shù)she,he,it)變成問句;在主語后謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t(I,you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), doesn’t(單數(shù)she,he,it)變成否定句,助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形。時(shí)間狀語:often 經(jīng)常,usually通常,always 總是,every每個(gè),sometimes 有時(shí),at ?在幾點(diǎn)鐘只有在第三人稱單數(shù)用動(dòng)詞的“三單變化”,其他用動(dòng)詞的原形。help →helped(幫助)laugh →laughed(笑)look →looked(看)kiss →kissed(吻)wash →washed(洗)watch →watched(注視)(3)動(dòng)詞詞尾為t,d以外之濁輔音或元音時(shí),發(fā)/ d /音。如:e—came,bee—became13.在動(dòng)詞原形后加d或t變成過去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如:sell—sold,tell—told9.動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如:get—got,forget—forgot5.動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過去式。go – went make – made get – got buycame flyflew 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成1.把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。2The bread is very 。③This is a 。④The cat is Lucy39。三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或“this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),是第三人稱單數(shù)。二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語;是第三人稱單數(shù)。下面我們歸納一下第三人稱單數(shù)的用法:一、人稱代詞he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。在第三人稱后不能使用動(dòng)詞的原形,而要在相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞后加s或es。b、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞,如果尾音是[s][z]時(shí)加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音與所加“s” 一起讀做[iz]。do→does /z/記住最為特別的be的三單is,have的三單是has。如teach→teaches /iz/。play→plays /z/。三人稱單數(shù)是“他”、“她”和“它”,復(fù)數(shù)則是“他們”。目錄 1大意 2用法第三人稱單數(shù)是英語中的一種語法,也稱“三單”或“單三”,用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞在第三人稱單數(shù)后時(shí)【she、he、it、不可數(shù)名詞和人名(一個(gè)人的)】,要根據(jù)其情況變化。但是也有不變化的,如: month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—: 不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則: 小老鼠爬燈臺(tái),偷油吃下不來。A: 規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則: s :bookbooks mouthmouthshousehouses girlgirls s、sh、ch、x結(jié)尾的加 es : classclasses boxboxesmatchmatches + y結(jié)尾的變 y為 i加es:citycitiescountrycountriespartyparties factoryfactories o 結(jié)尾的詞+es的只有以下詞:heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros 以 o 結(jié)尾并且詞尾有兩個(gè)元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos),fe 結(jié)尾的 變f或fe為v +es :thiefwifelifeknifewolfhalfleaf shelf The thief’s wife killed three wolves with some leaves and knives in half of her : 名詞詞尾的讀音規(guī)則:A. 在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清輔音后讀[s] cups,hats,cakes,roofs [s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后讀[iz] glasses, faces, [z] beds days cities [ ] 加詞尾后多數(shù)讀[ ]如: mouth—mouths path—paths。也就是主語是第三人稱并且是單個(gè)東西,英語也規(guī)定不可數(shù)名詞也當(dāng)做“單三”【比如a dog,she、he、it、不可數(shù)名詞和人名(一個(gè)人的)】,這時(shí)謂語要根據(jù)其情況變化。第二人稱是“你”和“你們”。e→es /z/。fly→flies /z/以“s、x、ch、sh”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“es”發(fā)音為/ iz /。如go→goes /z/。say/sei/ → says /sez/。但在英語中,三個(gè)“他”既有不同的讀音,也有不同的寫法,分別是he, she, it。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,即常在動(dòng)詞原形后加s或es。It looks like a 。③Uncle Wang often makes 。③That car is 。②There is something wrong with the 。如: ①The milk is in the 。動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則及其讀音規(guī)則 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下:一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed,如:workworked playplayed wantedwanted actacted以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加d,如:livelived movemoved tastetasted hopehoped以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把y變?yōu)閕 再加ed,如:studystudied copycopied crycried carrycarried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加ed,如:stopstopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。如:draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動(dòng)詞show除外,show—showed)4.動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如:break—broke,speak—spoke8.動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過去式。如:can—could,shall—should,will—would12.把動(dòng)詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。如:am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took 過去式“ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則(1)動(dòng)詞詞尾為“t,d”時(shí),發(fā)/ id /音,want →wanted(要)need →needed(需要)(2)動(dòng)詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí),發(fā)/ t / 音?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語+be(am, is ,are)+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、定義與講解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):表示經(jīng)常性