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化工畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)---年產(chǎn)30萬噸二甲醚裝置分離精餾工段設(shè)計(jì)-全文預(yù)覽

  

【正文】 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模及設(shè)計(jì)要求 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模:年產(chǎn) 萬噸二甲醚分離裝置(合成氣一步法), 設(shè)計(jì)該 分離 裝 置中精餾工段 工藝 ,精餾裝置采用浮閥塔。通過計(jì)算得出理論板數(shù),塔效率,實(shí)際板數(shù),進(jìn)料位置,在板式塔主要工藝尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算中得出塔徑,有效塔高,篩孔數(shù)。目前,制取二甲醚的最新技術(shù)是從合成氣直接制取,相比較甲醇脫水制二甲醚而言,一步法合成二甲醚因 為體系存在有未反應(yīng)完的合成氣以及二氧化碳,要得到純度較高的二甲醚,分離過程比較復(fù)雜。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 年產(chǎn) 萬噸二甲醚裝 置分離精餾工段的設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院: 化工與材料學(xué)院 專 業(yè): 姓 名: 指導(dǎo)老師: 化學(xué)工程與工藝 學(xué) 號(hào): 職 稱: 年 月 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)《年產(chǎn) 》是在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下,獨(dú)立開展研究取得的成果,文中引用他人的觀點(diǎn)和材料,均在文后按順序列出其參考文獻(xiàn),設(shè)計(jì)使用的數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)可靠。與傳統(tǒng)的甲醇合成二甲醚相比,一步法合成二甲醚工藝經(jīng)濟(jì)更加合理,在市場(chǎng)更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,正在走向工業(yè)化。精餾塔采用浮閥塔,塔頂冷凝裝置采用全凝器,用來準(zhǔn)確控制回流比;塔底采用水蒸氣蒸汽加熱,以提供足夠的熱量。 關(guān)鍵詞 :二甲醚 分離 三元體系 精餾 北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II Annual output of 30,000 tons of dimethyl ether distillation section in the design of separation device ABSTRACT In recent years, DME has bee an alternative channel of international oil and new secondary energy and hot topics, That aroused national concern and attention. Preparation of dimethyl ether mainly methanol dehydration and Onestep synthesis. With the traditional methanol synthesis pared to synthesis of dimethyl ether, onestep synthesis of dimethyl ether process more rational economy, more petitive in the market and it is moving towards industrialization. Currently, synthesis gas to dimethyl ether is the latest technology Preparation of dimethyl ether. Compared with methanol dehydration, sys tem of direct synthesis of DME as the existence of unreacted synthesis gas and carbon dioxide finished. If it want to get high purity dimethyl ether, more plicated separation process. Developed mainly in the separation process such as chemical absorption and distillation unit operation in the process of dimethyl ether with higher purity product. This design aimed at separating the distillation process for process design, separation of dimethyl ether, methanol and water ternary system. Design of distillation towers used valve. Use the whole top of the tower condenser cooling device used to accurately control the reflux ratio. Bottom of the column of steam heating by steam to provide sufficient heat. Obtained by calculating the number of theoretical plates, tower efficiency, the actual plate number, feed location. The main tower in the plate design and calculation of process dimensions derived column diameter, the effective tower, sieve number. Checking through the sieve of fluid mechanics, to prove that the indicator data are in line with standards to ensure the smooth progress of distillation process and to improve efficiency as much as possible Keywords: DME separate ternary system distillation 北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) III 目 錄 摘要 ................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................. II 1 緒論 ............................................... 1 概述 ................................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) .............................................. 1 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模及設(shè)計(jì)要求 .................................... 1 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格、性質(zhì)及用途 .................................. 1 技術(shù)來源 .............................................. 3 二甲醚分離裝置流程 ...................................... 6 2 精餾塔的工藝計(jì)算 .................................... 8 精餾塔的物料衡算 ........................................ 8 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) .............................................. 8 物料衡算 .............................................. 8 精餾塔工藝計(jì)算 ......................................... 10 物料衡算 ............................................. 10 操作條件的確定 ....................................... 10 精餾塔設(shè)備計(jì)算 ......................................... 12 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) ............................................. 12 塔板數(shù)的確定 ......................................... 15 精餾塔主要尺寸計(jì)算 ................................... 18 塔板結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... 21 塔板流體力學(xué)驗(yàn)算 ..................................... 26 塔板負(fù)荷性能圖 ...................................... 29 塔高的計(jì)算 ........................................... 33 3 熱量衡算 ........................................... 35 數(shù)據(jù) .................................................. 35 北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) IV 冷凝器的熱負(fù)荷 ......................................... 35 再沸 器的熱負(fù)荷 ......................................... 36 冷卻水消耗量和加熱蒸汽消耗量 ........................... 38 4 主要設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)和選型 .................................. 39 接管的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 39 進(jìn)料管 ............................................... 39 回流管 ............................................... 39 釜液出口管 ........................................... 39 塔頂蒸汽管 ........................................... 40 加熱蒸汽管 ........................................... 40 冷凝器的選型 ........................................... 41 5 結(jié)論 ............................................... 42 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................. 43 附錄 ................................................. 44 謝辭 ................................................. 46 北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 1 1 緒論 概述 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) 根 據(jù)北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院下達(dá)的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書,模擬現(xiàn)有的漿態(tài)床一步法二甲醚合成產(chǎn)業(yè)化技術(shù),對(duì)二甲醚分離裝置中的精餾工段進(jìn)行工藝設(shè)計(jì)。二甲醚在常溫下是一種無色氣體,具有輕微的醚香味。接觸熱、火星、火焰或氧化劑易燃燒爆炸。 二甲醚的毒性:二甲醚為弱麻醉劑,對(duì)呼吸道有輕微的刺激作用,長(zhǎng)期接觸使皮膚發(fā)紅、水腫、生皰。二甲醚的物理性質(zhì)見表 11 [2] 北京理工大學(xué)珠海學(xué)院 2020屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 2 表 11 二甲醚的物理性質(zhì) 項(xiàng)目 數(shù)值 項(xiàng)目 數(shù)值 沸 點(diǎn) ()/℃ 蒸氣壓 (20℃ )/MPa 熔點(diǎn) /℃ 燃燒值 (氣壓 )/kJ*mol1 1455 閃點(diǎn) (開杯法 ) /℃ 生成熱 (氣態(tài) )/ kJ*mol1 密度 (20℃ )/g*ml1 熔融熱 / kJ*mol1 臨界壓力 /MPa 蒸發(fā)熱 / kJ*mol1 臨界溫度 /℃ 臨界密度 / g*ml1 生成自由能 / kJ*mol1 25℃熵 /J/(mol*K) 自燃溫度 /℃ 350 蒸氣密度 /kg*m3 ~ (三 ) 二甲醚的用途 (1) 用作燃料 二甲醚可替代液化石油氣 (LPG)作為燃料。與 LPG 灶基本通用 ,使用方便 ,不需預(yù)熱 ,隨用隨開。因此二甲醚代替 LPG 作為優(yōu)良的民用潔凈燃料 ,具有廣闊的前景。 [3] (2) 用作氯氟烴的替代品 二甲醚可替代氯氟烴作氣霧劑、致冷劑和發(fā)泡劑。目前在國(guó)外 ,二甲醚在民用氣溶膠制
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