【正文】
絲兩端制扁且與鄰圈并緊(端面圈可磨平也可不磨平)。機車車輛運行中要獲得良好的運行平穩(wěn)性 , 需要靠彈簧減振裝置來保證 , 彈簧可用以緩和軌道不平順對車輛簧上部分的動作用力。 20xx 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 隨著我國鐵路機車車輛的全面提速,對轉(zhuǎn)向架處彈簧的要求也越來越嚴格。 彈簧疲勞壽命的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)在彈簧支承圈與工作圈的接觸部位 ,因此該部位的幾何形狀尤為重要 ,以保證加載過程中 ,彈簧支撐圈與工作圈接觸為較長的線接觸 ,減小接觸應(yīng)力。目前,鐵路客車制造過程中,廣泛采用了兩系彈簧裝置承載和減振,圓柱螺旋彈簧作為走行部關(guān)鍵部位,其質(zhì)量特性對車輛的動力學(xué)性能和運行品質(zhì)有著重要的影響。天津裝備廠制造的彈簧大多用于客運機車的轉(zhuǎn)向架處,因此對于彈簧各方面的性能要求非常嚴格,不允許有絲毫的問題出現(xiàn)。 圓柱螺旋彈簧應(yīng)用廣泛,彈簧的類型很多,按其承受載荷的性能可分為螺旋壓縮、螺旋拉伸和螺旋扭轉(zhuǎn)彈簧等,其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧是目前用量最大的一種,約占彈簧總量的 2/3。 face contact form。有加熱溫度、裝爐料、淬火溫度、介質(zhì)的選擇、回火溫度等,因此制造工藝都有明確的規(guī)定。很顯然,在上述各種失效中,以突然脆斷所造成的危害性最為嚴重。轉(zhuǎn) K2 彈簧是火車轉(zhuǎn)K2 型轉(zhuǎn)向架上的重要配件。目前執(zhí)行《鐵路貨車轉(zhuǎn)向架圓柱螺旋彈簧技術(shù)條件》,鐵路貨車轉(zhuǎn)向架圓柱螺旋彈簧保質(zhì)期為 9 年(一個廠修期),彈簧疲勞試驗次數(shù)為 300 萬次。但是,彈簧的過早斷裂、磨損、腐蝕、彈力不足(松弛)及變形等失效,也是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。通過對彈簧的各種疲勞斷裂的原因分析,找出影響彈簧疲勞壽命的因素。 關(guān)鍵字 :圓柱螺旋彈簧;端面接觸形式;疲勞壽命;碾尖 20xx 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) ABSTRACT With the railway by leaps and bounds in recent years, each spring plant preparation in all aspects of tooling, quality assurance systems, manufacturing processes have made great progress, product quality has been greatly improved, in order to extend the period of spring to lay the technical quality assurance foundation. Currently running railway wagon bogies helical springs and technical conditions, railway wagon bogies helical springs shelf life of 9 years (a factory warranty period), spring fatigue testing frequency is 300 million times. Spring is the turn of K2 on K2 bogie train an important accessory. It is mainly from the hosts, damping effect, is to ensure the normal operation of the train to avoid the important parts of a catastrophic accident. Therefore, to improve the quality of the spring is undoubtedly very important. However, premature spring break, wear, corrosion, lack of elasticity (relaxation) and deformation failure is a mon occurrence. Obviously, in the above fail, the danger of a sudden to brittle fracture caused by the most serious. Approach this subject through the use of tests and test analysis CAE finite element analysis of railway bogie spring failure were analyzed, studied the influence of the spring form ring structures work side contact stress between adjacent active spring end ring and ring, proposed spring end ring reliability design. Therefore, the manufacturing process for face contact in the form of reexamination is very strict, does not ply with the spring support ring must not be produced. Through a variety of reasons spring fatigue fracture analysis to identify factors that affect the fatigue life of the spring. Heating temperature, loading charge, quenching temperature, the medium of choice, tempering temperature, so the manufacturing process are clearly defined. In this paper, a local point of contact occurs through the study of spring e face contact form, grind the Ministry should be consistent with the sharp spring helix angle, and the tip should be smooth and sleek, avoid spring work. Contact form to find reasonable end face can improve the life of the spring, so the manufacturing process is also made clear its provisions. Keywords:helical springs。近年來,對圓柱螺旋彈簧的研究和應(yīng)用迅速發(fā)展,其圓柱螺旋彈簧因其他獨有的優(yōu)點而突出里其應(yīng)用地位,在我國鐵道車輛中應(yīng)用的最為廣泛,比其他種類彈簧更能滿足鐵路車輛的需要,而成為彈簧系列中研究更深的對象。圓柱螺旋彈簧已由過去的幾十萬次工作次數(shù)而提高到現(xiàn)在的幾百萬次甚至更高的工作次數(shù),這是彈簧領(lǐng)域的巨大進步。 鐵路軌道機車車輛用一、二系懸掛圓柱螺旋彈簧研究現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)用 在鐵路技術(shù)引進前,由于機車車輛運行速度低,對彈簧質(zhì)量要求相對較低,對彈簧早期失效破壞鮮有研究,且由于當(dāng)時工藝手段相對落后,疲勞破壞多發(fā)生于彈簧工作圈,所以傳統(tǒng)的彈簧設(shè)計及工藝控制多是針對彈簧工作圈的應(yīng)力。當(dāng)支撐圈與相鄰工作圈間隙偏小時,在重載情況下,彈簧端圈支承部位與鄰圈發(fā)生接觸,易在鄰圈圓弧面產(chǎn)生局部擠壓損傷,引發(fā)應(yīng)力集中,造成彈簧斷裂。支承圈會受到很大的壓力,會可能導(dǎo)致彈簧過早的斷裂。通過對車輛運動作為動力學(xué)振動分析,并做了大量的調(diào)研工作,閱讀文獻,將在二系懸掛式圓柱螺旋彈簧與其他彈簧做了對比分析分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)圓柱螺旋彈簧好,提出應(yīng)采用圓柱螺旋彈簧來達到理想減振的效果。 圓柱螺旋彈簧端面結(jié)構(gòu)形式的研究現(xiàn)狀 YI 型:兩個端面圈均與鄰圈并緊,并在專用的磨床上磨平。彈簧料徑 d≤ 時,彈簧的兩個端面可不必磨平。當(dāng)彈簧的工作圈數(shù) n≤7 時,彈簧每端的死圈約為 圈;當(dāng) n7 時,每端的死圈約為 1~ 圈 【 3】 。自 Hertz 的第一篇論文發(fā)表以來,直到 20 世紀初,才有較多的接觸力學(xué)方面的文獻問世。非但如此,在壓力加工、材料成型工藝、摩阻材料等相關(guān)工業(yè)部門中,在用計算機輔助設(shè)計的方法進行與材料和結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的設(shè)計、加工、控制等過程中,接觸力學(xué)的因素也逐漸成為人們應(yīng)該考慮的重要內(nèi)容,這就加速了接觸分析方法的技術(shù)進展,這就使得圓柱螺旋彈簧這類通過接觸摩擦形成獨特能力的機械基礎(chǔ)部件