國(guó)際企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略管理-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 Mexico From: Bartlett and Ghoshal, Managing across borders, 1989 Transnational MNC UK Chile India Japan USA Networked Organization Distributed, specialized resources and capabilities Interdependent Units large flows of ponents, products, resources, people, and information Transnational Mentality Complex process of coordination and cooperation in an environment of shared decision making HK Mexico 密集型成長(zhǎng) : 市場(chǎng)滲透 . 市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā) ,產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā) 一體化成長(zhǎng) : 前一體化 , 后一體化 , 水平一體化 多樣化成長(zhǎng) : 同心多樣化 , 水平多樣化 , 綜合多樣化 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略 Porter’s petitive strategy: National level: Diamond (4 factors) Industry level: 5 Forces Corporate level: Value Chain (價(jià)值鏈 ) 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略 Firm as a chain of discrete value creating activities Primary (基本活動(dòng) ) ? upstream activities: R D, manufacturing ? downstream activities: marketing, sales, after sales service Support (支持活動(dòng) ) ? infrastructure (general and administrative) ? human resources ? research and development Inbound logistics Services Marketing Sales outbound logistics operations Firm Infrastructure HR Management Technology Development Procurement Margin Cooperative agreements among petitors from different countries Range from formal joint ventures (FujiXerox) to particular task (such as developing a new product) 優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Advantages Facilitate entry into a foreign country (MotorolaToshiba, 1980s) Allow sharing of fixed costs of new products/processes (Boeing and its suppliers) Bring together plementary skills and assets that can not easily be developed independently (ThomsonJVC) Help establish industry standards in technology (PhilipsMatsushita) Reduce operating costs, ., shared training, purchasing, procurement, etc. (KLMCZ) 優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) Disadvantages Give petitors new technology / markets at low cost Dispro
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