【正文】 s of engineers , industrialists and explores . The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of selfhelp, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,wrote Smiles.what it is in the power of each to acplish for himselfHis biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals. Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please。 those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal taskforce urged reform for patents related to geic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ” Despite the appeals court39。s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a pany in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as panies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented。 clothes [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]classify consumers into smaller groups [D]create some mon shoppers39。 DNA. [B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls. [C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders. 7 [D]White is prefered by babies. author suggests that our perception of children39。 power in education 5 24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extra burdens on teachers [D]it is important for grades suitable title for this text could be______. [A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy [B]A Weled Policy for Poor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]A Faulty Approach to Homework 參考答案 21~25 ACABD Text 2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among twoyearolds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests. Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colourcoded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as genderneutral dresses. When nursery colours 6 were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not re