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隙。盤式制動器包括制動盤而不是制動鼓,在它的兩面上各有一個薄的制動片或叫盤式制動器的制動片?;钊纸饘倩蛩芰稀V苿酉到y(tǒng)是由機(jī)械能,液壓能或氣壓能裝置驅(qū)動的。如果松開踏板,活塞回到原來的位置上,回拉彈簧拉回制動片,制動液返回制動主缸,這樣制動停止。向后拉手閘,并把手柄卡在正確的位置上。正因?yàn)檫@樣,手閘與腳閘分開,手閘使用的是繩索或杠桿而不是液力系統(tǒng)。歐洲使用這種系統(tǒng)已有幾十年的時間,通過對其的調(diào)查,以為汽車制造商坦言,如果所有的汽車都安裝上防抱死制動系統(tǒng),%。當(dāng)信號西安市車輪轉(zhuǎn)速回復(fù)整腸生是,電子控制裝置會增加制動器的液壓。其次,如果防抱死制動系統(tǒng)有問題是,制動器會獨(dú)立地繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。每個有一個向電子控制裝置發(fā)出車輪轉(zhuǎn)動情況的信號的傳感器,它一般由磁感應(yīng)傳感頭和齒圈組成。當(dāng)齒圈的齒移動到磁場時,就會改變線圈的電流。編輯就是分析這些數(shù)值,計算出需要的制動壓力。這種裝置有三個高速率的電磁閥,兩個油液存儲器和一個帶有內(nèi)外檢測閥的傳動泵。當(dāng)防抱死制動系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時,電子控制裝置會使電磁閥循環(huán)運(yùn)作,這樣既能收回又能釋放制動器的壓力。前部的制動器電路有一個單元。每個電磁閥都是其獨(dú)立控制的,并作用于前輪。調(diào)節(jié)裝置當(dāng)接受到電子控制裝置的指令后,液壓執(zhí)行裝置會調(diào)節(jié)制動輪缸的液壓的大小。電子控制裝置有三個作用,即:信號的處理,編輯和安全防護(hù)。后面的傳感器安裝在后部的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)上,齒圈安在輪軸上。目前歐洲汽車生產(chǎn)商,如:寶馬、奔馳、保時捷等廣泛應(yīng)用的是波許防(Bosch)抱死系統(tǒng)。防抱死制動系統(tǒng)除了上面基本操作,還有兩個特點(diǎn)。防抱死系統(tǒng)可以在一秒鐘內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)幾次制動時車輪上的受力,使車輪的滑移受到控制,而且所有的系統(tǒng)基本上都以相同的方式完成。防抱死系統(tǒng)最早應(yīng)用在航空飛行器上,而且在、二十世紀(jì)90年代一些國內(nèi)的汽車也安裝了這種系統(tǒng)。如果司機(jī)要再次啟動車是,他必須在松開手桿之前按下按鈕。如果車內(nèi)安裝的是獨(dú)立的駐車制動器,那么駐車制動器是有司機(jī)手動的控制。當(dāng)踩下制動踏板時,杠桿就會推動制動器主缸的活塞給制動液施加壓力,制動液通過油管流入輪缸。浮動卡鉗型和滑動卡鉗型制動器使用單活塞。制動主缸里流出的制動液迫使活塞向里部的金屬盤移動,這便是摩擦片僅僅地貼住制動盤。制動鼓與摩擦片之間產(chǎn)生的摩擦制動了車輪,從而使汽車停止。制動底板固定在輪軸外部的法蘭或轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)。如果這不符合實(shí)際,那么為了制動系統(tǒng)可以用特殊的裝置修理它。橡膠軟管只用在需要彈力的地方,比如應(yīng)用在前輪。如果制動液在很短的時間內(nèi)下降得明顯或者下降了三分之二,那么就要盡快檢查你的制動系統(tǒng)了。精致的制動蹄或制動襯片與旋轉(zhuǎn)的制動鼓或制動盤之間產(chǎn)生摩擦力使汽車的運(yùn)動逐漸減緩或停止。接觸后產(chǎn)生的摩擦使車輪轉(zhuǎn)動減慢或停止,這就是汽車的制動?!爸苿颖P”和“襯塊”是被制動輪缸推動“圓盤”和“回轉(zhuǎn)體”如此引起緩慢的拖拉運(yùn)動,(希望)使汽車減慢速度。當(dāng)獨(dú)立的駐車制動器—踏板或手桿,唄安裝時,駐車制動器就會被機(jī)械地操作。每輛汽車上使用完全獨(dú)立的制動系統(tǒng),即行車制動器和駐車制動器。如果制動失靈,結(jié)果可能是損失慘重的。 all system acplish this in basically the same way. One or more speed sensors generate alternating current signal whose frequency increases with the wheel rotational speed. An electronic control unit continuously monitors these signals and if the frequency of a signal drops too rapidly indicating that a wheel is about to lock, the control unit instructs a modulating device to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the affected wheel. When sensor signals indicate the wheel is again rotating normally, the control unit allows increased hydraulic pressure to the brake. This releaseapply cycle occurs several time per second to “pump”the brakes like a driver might but at a much faster rate.In addition to their basic operation, antilock system have two other things in mon. First, they do not operate until the brakes are applied with enough force to lock or nearly lock a wheel. At or other times, the system stands ready to function but does not interfere with normal braking. Second, if the antilock system fail in any way, the brakes continue to operate without antilock capability. A warning light on the instrument panel alerts the driver when a problem exists in the antilock system.The current Bosch ponent Antilock Braking System(ABSⅡI), is a second generation design wildly used by European automakers such as BMW, MercedesBenz and Porsche. ABSⅡ system consists of : four wheel speed sensor, electronic control unit and modulator assembly.A speed sensor is fitted at each wheel sends signals about wheel rotation to control unit. Each speed sensor consists of a sensor unit and a gear wheel. The front sensor mounts to the steering knu