汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)外文翻譯-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 隙。盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器包括制動(dòng)盤(pán)而不是制動(dòng)鼓，在它的兩面上各有一個(gè)薄的制動(dòng)片或叫盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)片?；钊纸饘倩蛩芰?。制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是由機(jī)械能，液壓能或氣壓能裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)的。如果松開(kāi)踏板，活塞回到原來(lái)的位置上，回拉彈簧拉回制動(dòng)片，制動(dòng)液返回制動(dòng)主缸，這樣制動(dòng)停止。向后拉手閘，并把手柄卡在正確的位置上。正因?yàn)檫@樣，手閘與腳閘分開(kāi)，手閘使用的是繩索或杠桿而不是液力系統(tǒng)。歐洲使用這種系統(tǒng)已有幾十年的時(shí)間，通過(guò)對(duì)其的調(diào)查，以為汽車(chē)制造商坦言，如果所有的汽車(chē)都安裝上防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，%。當(dāng)信號(hào)西安市車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)速回復(fù)整腸生是，電子控制裝置會(huì)增加制動(dòng)器的液壓。其次，如果防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)有問(wèn)題是，制動(dòng)器會(huì)獨(dú)立地繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。每個(gè)有一個(gè)向電子控制裝置發(fā)出車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)情況的信號(hào)的傳感器，它一般由磁感應(yīng)傳感頭和齒圈組成。當(dāng)齒圈的齒移動(dòng)到磁場(chǎng)時(shí)，就會(huì)改變線(xiàn)圈的電流。編輯就是分析這些數(shù)值，計(jì)算出需要的制動(dòng)壓力。這種裝置有三個(gè)高速率的電磁閥，兩個(gè)油液存儲(chǔ)器和一個(gè)帶有內(nèi)外檢測(cè)閥的傳動(dòng)泵。當(dāng)防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，電子控制裝置會(huì)使電磁閥循環(huán)運(yùn)作，這樣既能收回又能釋放制動(dòng)器的壓力。前部的制動(dòng)器電路有一個(gè)單元。每個(gè)電磁閥都是其獨(dú)立控制的，并作用于前輪。調(diào)節(jié)裝置當(dāng)接受到電子控制裝置的指令后，液壓執(zhí)行裝置會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)制動(dòng)輪缸的液壓的大小。電子控制裝置有三個(gè)作用，即：信號(hào)的處理，編輯和安全防護(hù)。后面的傳感器安裝在后部的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)上，齒圈安在輪軸上。目前歐洲汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)商，如：寶馬、奔馳、保時(shí)捷等廣泛應(yīng)用的是波許防（Bosch）抱死系統(tǒng)。防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)除了上面基本操作，還有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。防抱死系統(tǒng)可以在一秒鐘內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)幾次制動(dòng)時(shí)車(chē)輪上的受力，使車(chē)輪的滑移受到控制，而且所有的系統(tǒng)基本上都以相同的方式完成。防抱死系統(tǒng)最早應(yīng)用在航空飛行器上，而且在、二十世紀(jì)90年代一些國(guó)內(nèi)的汽車(chē)也安裝了這種系統(tǒng)。如果司機(jī)要再次啟動(dòng)車(chē)是，他必須在松開(kāi)手桿之前按下按鈕。如果車(chē)內(nèi)安裝的是獨(dú)立的駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器，那么駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器是有司機(jī)手動(dòng)的控制。當(dāng)踩下制動(dòng)踏板時(shí)，杠桿就會(huì)推動(dòng)制動(dòng)器主缸的活塞給制動(dòng)液施加壓力，制動(dòng)液通過(guò)油管流入輪缸。浮動(dòng)卡鉗型和滑動(dòng)卡鉗型制動(dòng)器使用單活塞。制動(dòng)主缸里流出的制動(dòng)液迫使活塞向里部的金屬盤(pán)移動(dòng)，這便是摩擦片僅僅地貼住制動(dòng)盤(pán)。制動(dòng)鼓與摩擦片之間產(chǎn)生的摩擦制動(dòng)了車(chē)輪，從而使汽車(chē)停止。制動(dòng)底板固定在輪軸外部的法蘭或轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)。如果這不符合實(shí)際，那么為了制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)可以用特殊的裝置修理它。橡膠軟管只用在需要彈力的地方，比如應(yīng)用在前輪。如果制動(dòng)液在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)下降得明顯或者下降了三分之二，那么就要盡快檢查你的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)了。精致的制動(dòng)蹄或制動(dòng)襯片與旋轉(zhuǎn)的制動(dòng)鼓或制動(dòng)盤(pán)之間產(chǎn)生摩擦力使汽車(chē)的運(yùn)動(dòng)逐漸減緩或停止。接觸后產(chǎn)生的摩擦使車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)減慢或停止，這就是汽車(chē)的制動(dòng)?！爸苿?dòng)盤(pán)”和“襯塊”是被制動(dòng)輪缸推動(dòng)“圓盤(pán)”和“回轉(zhuǎn)體”如此引起緩慢的拖拉運(yùn)動(dòng)，（希望）使汽車(chē)減慢速度。當(dāng)獨(dú)立的駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器—踏板或手桿，唄安裝時(shí)，駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器就會(huì)被機(jī)械地操作。每輛汽車(chē)上使用完全獨(dú)立的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，即行車(chē)制動(dòng)器和駐車(chē)制動(dòng)器。如果制動(dòng)失靈，結(jié)果可能是損失慘重的。 all system acplish this in basically the same way. One or more speed sensors generate alternating current signal whose frequency increases with the wheel rotational speed. An electronic control unit continuously monitors these signals and if the frequency of a signal drops too rapidly indicating that a wheel is about to lock, the control unit instructs a modulating device to reduce hydraulic pressure to the brake at the affected wheel. When sensor signals indicate the wheel is again rotating normally, the control unit allows increased hydraulic pressure to the brake. This releaseapply cycle occurs several time per second to “pump”the brakes like a driver might but at a much faster rate.In addition to their basic operation, antilock system have two other things in mon. First, they do not operate until the brakes are applied with enough force to lock or nearly lock a wheel. At or other times, the system stands ready to function but does not interfere with normal braking. Second, if the antilock system fail in any way, the brakes continue to operate without antilock capability. A warning light on the instrument panel alerts the driver when a problem exists in the antilock system.The current Bosch ponent Antilock Braking System(ABSⅡI), is a second generation design wildly used by European automakers such as BMW, MercedesBenz and Porsche. ABSⅡ system consists of : four wheel speed sensor, electronic control unit and modulator assembly.A speed sensor is fitted at each wheel sends signals about wheel rotation to control unit. Each speed sensor consists of a sensor unit and a gear wheel. The front sensor mounts to the steering knu
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