【正文】 that the decisive factor of the efficiency of credit management is not the external organizational form but internal organization structure by paring the relations between various external organizational forms and the efficiency of risks management. The emphases on designing organizational structure of credit risks management should be laid on the forming of the mechanism of lateral control between different divisions and the mechanism of vertical control on different levels of subsidiaries and affiliates. After longterm development, the internal organizational structure of western mercial banks has been shaped into three functional sections: market section, operation section and administration section, which exercise the functions of marketing, business operation, and centralized administration respectively, and furthermore, control one another, cooperate one another. This kind of idea about organizational design is embodied by the plete organizational division of these three steps of credit examination, approval and investigation in the credit operation that means the departments of business operation, credit examination and risk management, which belong to three different functional sections, respectively perform the functions of research before loanproviding, examination of credit application, and supervision after loanproviding, thereby, the lateral control between different departments can be effected. The vertical control is exercised through both the allotment of credit decisionmaking power between higher levels and lower levels of business departments that means to choose centralization or decentralization of power, and allotment of credit decisionmaking power between individuals and collectivity in a department that represents individual or collective decisionmaking power. This thesis amply discusses the good and bad effect of these four kinds of decisionmaking systems under two groups by applying the fundamentals of organizational management, thereby indicating that solely using any one of four decisionmaking systems will bring on visible defects. Accordingly, modern mercial banks mostly intends to adopt the loan examining authorization system which joins the collective and individual decisionmaking as well as centralization and decentralization together, but giving priority to individual decision and decentralization of power. Chapter Three of this thesis puts emphases on credit risks management system and its executive efficiency. The organizational control theory deems that system is the necessary condition under which organizational functions can be optimized and exerted, meanwhile organizational institution being stabilized,A key issue of interest in the recent literature on financial intermediation has been the role of relationship lending. Relationship lending is particularly mon in the case of small business lending, because small businesses typically rely on bank loans for a substantial part of their financing needs but also tend to be informationally opaque. An important issue in this context is the use of collateral, which is a mon feature of loan contracts between small firms and banks around the world, and a number of theoretical and empirical studies have examined why it is so widespread and how it relates to the incentives for borrowers and lenders and the borrowerlender relationship. For instance, it has been argued that in the presence of information asymmetries between creditors and borrowers, collateral may mitigate the problem of adverse selection (Bester, 1985。文章第一部分的介紹了我國個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀，說明研究我國個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)的目的和意義；第二部分提出我國個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)中存在的問題；第三部分針對上述存在問題，提出相關(guān)解決方案。本文的研究表明，隱含擔保的存在將弱化銀行防范系統(tǒng)性違約風險的激勵，使得消費信貸市場上更有可能發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性的違約問題。目前，三大個人征信局各占北美1／3的市場份額，它們的數(shù)據(jù)來源豐富、技術(shù)先進、管理規(guī)范，已經(jīng)成為美國消費信貸蓬勃發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。1997年亞洲金融危機爆發(fā)前，中國消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)處于試點探索階段，信貸規(guī)模小、品種少，消費信貸并沒有引起商業(yè)銀行的重視。本文在借鑒美國消費信貸的基礎(chǔ)上，探討發(fā)展我國消費信貸的問題。隨著消費貸款規(guī)模的不斷擴大，該項業(yè)務(wù)中存在的問題和風險也逐步暴露出來，在有些地區(qū)還表現(xiàn)得比較明顯，商業(yè)銀行應加強對消費信貸風險的分析與識別，以便及時采取措施，防范消費信貸風險。即使提供了抵押、擔保等附加的償還保證條件，也只是預防萬一無法歸還貸款時的不得已的措施，不能以為有了抵押擔保，貸款就安全了，況且這也不是個人消費信用要研究的重點，否則會誤入歧途。(2)數(shù)量化得分可以使得銀行管理層充分控制風險和把握好信貸政策，避免模糊化帶來的損失。林愚在《中國信用卡》中指出，我國商業(yè)銀行在個人信用風險管理方面還處于比較初級的階段，還沒有形成一套完整的個人信用風險管理體系，這成為阻礙消費信貸快速穩(wěn)健發(fā)展的主要原因之一。任金政,陳寶峰,鄺煥弟（2005）在《技術(shù)經(jīng)濟》，我國個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀我國個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)始于上世紀80年代，1997年底，全國個人消費信貸規(guī)模僅有172億元。 屈艷芳,郭敏（2008）在《海南金融》中指出，個人消費信貸業(yè)務(wù)是商業(yè)