【正文】 中手。3. You can take a horse to the water but can’t make it drink.老牛不喝水，不可強(qiáng)按頭。5. I’m too old a dog that can’t learn new tricks.我太老了， 在也 學(xué)不進(jìn)什么新鮮玩意兒了。 意譯法1. He was left high and dry. 2. Beggars cannot be choosers.他處在進(jìn)退兩難的境地。*皮洛士(Pyrrhus)是古希臘伊庇魯斯國(guó)王，曾率兵至意大利與羅馬交戰(zhàn)，付出慘重代價(jià)，打敗羅馬軍隊(duì)，由此即以“皮洛士式的勝利”一詞來(lái)借喻慘重的代價(jià)。 含有典故成語(yǔ)的翻譯 意譯法1. You’d better pull up your socks next term.下學(xué)期你最好加把油。s bread upon the waters不期望報(bào)答所作之事keep the wolf from the door免于饑餓，勉強(qiáng)度日make one39。)Strike while the iron is hot 趁熱打鐵(著重抓緊行動(dòng))(強(qiáng)調(diào)“抓住時(shí)機(jī)”), 例如： A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，駟馬難追。Shallow streams make most din.水深不響， 水響不深。Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。一、英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)比較 從形和義的角度來(lái)看，英漢習(xí)語(yǔ)的異同大體表現(xiàn)在以下四個(gè)方面： , 這類習(xí)語(yǔ)為數(shù)少，例如：Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。5. The squeaking of the radio was disturbing everybody.收音機(jī)的聲音在擾亂大家。1. They heard the roar of cannons as the enemy’s ship approached.敵艦逼近時(shí)，他們聽(tīng)到了加農(nóng)炮的轟擊聲。5. Tom fell asleep almost immediately.湯姆幾乎倒頭就呼呼睡了。我覺(jué)得血從我鼻子里咕嘟咕嘟地往外淌，就象拔開(kāi)塞子的酒桶似的。4. The dishes crashed to the floor.盤子碟子嘩啦嘩啦地落在地上打碎了。因此在翻譯時(shí)往往在其后面加上一定的動(dòng)詞或名詞， 而把其譯成修飾語(yǔ)，即副詞或形容詞。5. She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.在一次舞會(huì)上，她傾心愛(ài)上了一個(gè)人，但卻丟失了她的項(xiàng)鏈。1. He lost the game and his temper.他輸了這一局，大發(fā)脾氣。2. She went home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair.她淚如泉涌地坐著轎子回家了。 軛式搭配法（Zeugma）是指用一個(gè)詞與句中兩個(gè)或更多的詞相搭配，其中只有一個(gè)搭配是合乎邏輯的，其他的都不能構(gòu)成自然搭配。 有時(shí)可將矛盾修辭格中的兩個(gè)詞的修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系譯為并列關(guān)系。3. Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.與其做愚蠢的智人，不如做聰明的愚人。這是她犯了錯(cuò)誤受到的懲罰，她要自食其果。3. Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back.勸導(dǎo)對(duì)他好象水過(guò)鴨背似的不起作用。The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure.自由之樹(shù)須常以愛(ài)國(guó)志士和暴君的血來(lái)澆灌，這些鮮血是自由之樹(shù)的天然肥料。第四章： 辭格的翻譯由于東西文化的不同，也造成了英漢比喻的差異。如：The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of longheld superiority in the House.在一次記者招待會(huì)上， 問(wèn)題集中于昨天的選舉結(jié)果，總統(tǒng)就此發(fā)了言。Exercises:1. It was natural that now the conversation turned to the tragic events that had taken place there a month before.2. It is clear that she has some great sorrow.3. A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions.4. I took it for granted that he would sign the document.5. He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be still alive. 長(zhǎng)句的譯法所謂切斷法，就是按英語(yǔ)句子的語(yǔ)序把英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句“化整為零”，按意群將長(zhǎng)句斷開(kāi)譯成若干漢語(yǔ)分句。（二） 同位語(yǔ)從句提前， 如：2. But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能輕信他。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的， 他們必須在上午十點(diǎn)前交卷。） 他很可能已經(jīng)走了。2. He just stood there with his arms folded when he might have given me a hand.他本可以幫我一把，卻偏偏只是站在那兒袖手旁觀。3. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.男人們很聰明，他們不會(huì)上時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師的當(dāng)。4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他搖了搖頭，兩目睜得圓圓的，接著又瞇成一條線，臉上露出了憤怒的神色。 將單詞分譯成漢語(yǔ)的句子1. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking.她可以諒解地為自己高超的烹調(diào)技藝感到自豪。3. Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “selfreliance.”毛主席在談到他的“自力更生”的政策時(shí),也許有些自豪感,這是可以理解的。我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他在比賽中失利了，感到十分意外。 將分句譯成句子1. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the inparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我謹(jǐn)代表所有美國(guó)客人向你們表示感謝，感謝你們的無(wú)可比擬的盛情款待，中國(guó)人民以這種盛情款待而聞名世界。 名詞性從句的譯法4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已經(jīng)走了，那是很可能的。2. Can you hear what I said? 你能聽(tīng)得到我所講的嗎？用 it 作假賓語(yǔ)的句子，漢譯時(shí) that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般可按原文順序；it不譯。（一）同位語(yǔ)從句不提前， 如：1. He expressed the hope that he would e over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中國(guó)來(lái)訪問(wèn)。（三）增加“即”或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開(kāi)，如：3. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。 拆譯法（分句法）就是將英語(yǔ)句子中有些成分從句中拆出來(lái)另行處理，或置于句尾，以利用句子的總體安排。And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple