3噸叉車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)說明書-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 MC is strengthening its position as the world’s largest manufacturer of shiptoshore container cranes, supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market. In addition to operating four crane production plexes for its crane manufacturing and other businesses.ZPMC’s full range of products includes quayside container cranes, rubbertyred gantry cranes, bulk material ship loaders and unloaders, bucketwheel stackers and reclaimers, portal cranes, floating cranes, and engineering vessels. The pany has also diversified into manufacturing other large steel structures including large steel bridges.ZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTIONZPMC’s cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide. By the end of December 2005, ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes, and had orders in hand to deliver another 128 quayside container cranes in 2006. In addition, at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1,148 rubbertyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubbertyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006.ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the volume of orders will grow in future. The pany owns four crane production plexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin, Changzhou, Zhangjiang and Changxing Island.The Changxing production site, which was pleted in 2001, covers one million sq m, and has a coastline. The facility is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside shiptoshore container cranes each year along with 300 rubbertyred gantry cranes and 200,000 metric tons of large steel bridge structures.Plans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing, which ZPMC will develop to bee its largest production centre.附錄B港口起重機(jī)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過去的高速增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)大幅增加了本國(guó)港口貨流量，以至于不斷擴(kuò)大老港口以及不斷修建新的港口以應(yīng)對(duì)快速增長(zhǎng)的集裝箱業(yè)務(wù)以及大宗貨物的流通。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，得到了學(xué)院有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)心和支持，尤其是指導(dǎo)老師陶元芳給了我們很大的幫助，在此對(duì)他們認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的精神和付出的辛苦表示衷心的感謝。這次設(shè)計(jì)叉車轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的突出特點(diǎn)是其完全采用全液壓式轉(zhuǎn)向。右處軸放松；當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷P可求出得====驗(yàn)算軸承壽命：驗(yàn)算軸承1得：==驗(yàn)算軸承2得：==大于4800h5000h，軸承的壽命足夠。211247。軸承額定壽命，通常為叉車的一個(gè)大修期，可取為4800h5000h。為了避免轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)軸頸根部產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中，軸頸根部采用較大的圓角半徑并附加一些墊圈，以確保內(nèi)軸承的正確安裝與傳力。2=4380h符合要求。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意在滑動(dòng)軸承的襯套和主銷中開油槽和油孔。：:主銷和轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)間的軸承，不僅要承受軸向力，還要承受較大的徑向力，一般可選用一個(gè)止推軸承和兩個(gè)徑向滑動(dòng)軸承，或兩個(gè)滾針軸承。m=165mm==（246mm+80mm）247。[247。276mm247。m247。側(cè)滑時(shí)：——車輪中心至計(jì)算截面距離計(jì)算結(jié)果為：=295mm=m此處轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂的半徑如圖所示：=因主銷無內(nèi)傾角，故無須考慮。=截面在Ⅱ—Ⅱ其側(cè)面圖如下圖所示===++=其應(yīng)力為：==最大側(cè)向力工況下：截面ⅠⅠ：根據(jù)公式計(jì)算其247。m247。m以上兩種工況，應(yīng)分別計(jì)算有關(guān)斷面的應(yīng)力，取最大值進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核。2=2）最大側(cè)向力工況叉車空載轉(zhuǎn)向行駛，在離心力的作用下，車輪處于臨界側(cè)滑狀態(tài)，這時(shí)側(cè)向力打最大值為：式中：——側(cè)滑附著系數(shù)，取= ——一個(gè)車輪上的垂直反力.計(jì)算結(jié)果為：==24255N：計(jì)算見圖如下：最大垂直力工況：=24255247。轉(zhuǎn)向橋可以按下面兩種工況選取計(jì)算載荷。液壓轉(zhuǎn)向器如下圖所示：活塞桿與活塞一體。[] ——活塞桿材料的許用應(yīng)力，[] =[] =355MP247。5=71MP計(jì)算結(jié)果為：=80247。缸桶長(zhǎng)度為 L=720mm其油缸工作壓力為：p=F/A=26180N247。對(duì)于一臺(tái)叉車的轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，計(jì)入轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的各鉸軸的效率后，總的轉(zhuǎn)向阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩為：式中：m——轉(zhuǎn)向輪個(gè)數(shù)； ——轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)效率；=2=連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的受力分析如下圖所示：可知在此時(shí)其活塞桿受力最大已知：M=根據(jù)曲柄滑塊的受力分析可知：A點(diǎn)受力分析為下：活塞桿受力為：==M/(sinBCA=M/(sinBCA)=247。m3）車輪的總摩擦阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩：車輪的總摩擦阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩為：由式可知，e越大，則在中占的比例愈大?！?dāng)量半徑，=b/3。各鉸軸的摩擦阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩用效率考慮‘1）車輪的滑動(dòng)摩擦阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩：車輪繞接觸地面中心的摩擦阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩，與輪胎的構(gòu)造即接觸地面積的形狀、大小有關(guān)。為了保證叉車在最不利的情況下轉(zhuǎn)向，通常以原地轉(zhuǎn)向阻力轉(zhuǎn)矩作為轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)矩。令梯形中線長(zhǎng)度為l，則兩底邊長(zhǎng)分別為（e+）/e和（）/e，則得，b為輪胎寬度。設(shè)叉車的轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)以角速度繞瞬心O轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，車輪以速度v前進(jìn)。：（1）轉(zhuǎn)向行駛的阻力距：只要所有車輪繞同一瞬心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，就可保證所有車輪作純滾動(dòng)。：從受力的角度，機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸越大越好；c?；郉,該參數(shù)對(duì)于機(jī)構(gòu)特性不敏感，約等于轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂長(zhǎng)，他也和油缸的行程有關(guān)。（4）左右轉(zhuǎn)向一致，油缸兩邊出活塞桿，沒有差動(dòng)現(xiàn)象，左右轉(zhuǎn)向靈敏，完全相同。. 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的整體選擇及其設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算：： 根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的形勢(shì)，采用全液壓式轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)為曲柄滑塊式。(3).最大內(nèi)輪轉(zhuǎn)角：根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)向行駛過程中把保持車輪純滾動(dòng)的條件，可求出：，一般為70度到80度，以此作為選擇或設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)的依據(jù)。(2)操縱方式 大噸位叉車采用助力或全液壓式轉(zhuǎn)向操作方式，中小噸位的叉車可采用機(jī)械式轉(zhuǎn)向操縱方式，但由于叉車的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑小，轉(zhuǎn)向操作的幅度和強(qiáng)度大，作業(yè)過程中操作頻繁，為了方便操作，提高轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)的靈敏性，降低司機(jī)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，隨著曲柄滑塊式橫置油缸轉(zhuǎn)向橋的普及，現(xiàn)在越來越
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