《廣東土地復墾》ppt課件-全文預覽
【正文】 clamation ? 核心；采礦工藝與復墾方法（ Mining and Reclamation Methods ? Mining and Reclamation Methods. The applicant‘s mining and reclamation plans shall describe the mining method as designated by the applicant on the basis of current or anticipated mining practices, and the reclamation method, having as its objective the preparation of the affected land for a future productive use. The proposed method of operating a mine and the method of reclaiming the affected land to achieve the applicant’s landuse objective shall be patible with sound environmental management practices. After the Department has issued a mining permit, the permittee shall not deviate or depart from the mined landuse plan without approval by the Department.（方案不能變更） 2022/5/30 7 2022/5/30 Questa礦土地復墾方案 8 ? 土地復墾計劃主要內(nèi)容： ? 在采礦之前的土地條件：（ 1）土地的當前用途及利用方式（ 2）按照土壤和相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)特征、地形、植被等，該土地可能的用途和利用方式。 ? 將要采用的采礦和復墾工程技術(shù)及相關(guān)設備的描述；控制地表水排泄和地表積水的計劃；空洞及凹地的回填、土壤的壓實和平整及植被恢復計劃；按照法律規(guī)定的標準對糧田、草地和森林土壤的重建、換土及固土計劃；每一英畝土地估計的復墾花費。 2022/5/30 9 ? Maps. The mined landuse plan shall be presented in a bination of graphic (map) and written (text or narrative) formats. The information to be presented in graphic form shall be submitted on a United States Geological Survey 7189。). An equivalent map may be utilized and must be prepared by an engineer, geologist, licensed land surveyor or other person trained in such plan and map preparation. ? Aerial Photographs. Aerial photographs or maps prepared on an aerial photo base may be used to supplement the information presented in graphic form. The Department reserves the right to reject aerial photographs on the basis of their being out of date, of poor quality, of improper scale or for other reasons which render them unsatisfactory for the required purpose. 2022/5/30 10 嚴格、苛刻的審查制度 充分的公共參與 ? Before a pany can begin extracting coal, a multitude of government permits – federal, state and local – are required. The process of obtaining these permits is timeconsuming and costly, requiring painstaking analyses of the mining site. Once all the necessary information is piled – a process that can take three years or longer （至少三年，以便使公眾有充分的時間了解資訊） – the coal pany files for a permit application. The law requires that a period of time then be allowed for public review and ment so that citizen concerns are adequately addressed. Additionally, a coal operator must post a performance bond sufficient to cover the cost of restoring the site to assure reclamation (ranging as high as $10,000 per acre). This must be done before a permit can be granted. The bond is not finally released until the final revegetation of the site has been determined to be successful – this time period could be up to ten years following reclamation. 2022/5/30 11 不留痕跡的復墾，或者更好 2022/5/30 12 不留痕跡 ? 加拿大 2022/5/30 13 不留痕跡 2022/5/30 14 保護優(yōu)質(zhì)耕地 2022/5/30 聯(lián)邦法律規(guī)定在農(nóng)田上開礦，礦主必須把農(nóng)田復墾成有生產(chǎn)能力的土地；如果在基本農(nóng)田上開礦，礦主必須將表土和犁底層剝離并分層儲存，復墾時分層回填 15 復墾成基本農(nóng)田（ Peabody’s many reclamation programs
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