【正文】 appened to you? (請(qǐng)你讓我知道你怎么了 , 好嗎？ ) 2. Who broke the antique vase? (誰(shuí)打破那個(gè)古董花瓶？ ) Do you know who broke the antique vase? (你知道是誰(shuí)打破那個(gè)古董花瓶嗎？ ) 3. Nobody knows who cheated on the exam. (沒有人知道誰(shuí)在考試時(shí)作弊。t go to the office by bus. (請(qǐng)你告訴我你為何沒搭公交車上班呢。 ) When did they leave for Australia? (他們何時(shí)前往澳洲？ ) ↓ 去掉 We39。 ) 2. Who is the girl (standing at the door)? (站在門口的女孩是誰(shuí)？ ) (動(dòng)詞 +主詞 ) Do you know who the girl (standing at the door) is? (你知道站在門口的 女孩 是誰(shuí)嗎？ ) (主詞 + 動(dòng)詞 ) ※修飾主詞的分詞 片語(yǔ) , 必須跟著主詞移到 be 動(dòng)詞前。 ) ③ 名詞 +形容詞子句 → 由關(guān)系代名詞引導(dǎo) 例： Do you think the lady who wears a dress is pretty? → Do you think the lady wearing a dress is pretty? → Do you think the lady in a dress is pretty? (你認(rèn)為穿著洋裝的女士漂亮嗎？ ) Unit 5 間 接問(wèn)句 直接問(wèn) 句 及間接問(wèn)句 (1)直接問(wèn)詞 → 疑問(wèn)詞 (句首 )+ be ?????? 動(dòng) 詞 主 詞 ？助 動(dòng) 詞 主 詞 原 形 動(dòng) 詞 ？ 例： Who is that tall girl? (那高個(gè)子的女孩是誰(shuí)？ ) (be 動(dòng)詞 +主詞 ) (2)間接問(wèn)句 → 主要子句 +疑問(wèn)詞 +主詞 + be . ..????????? ???動(dòng) 詞一 般 動(dòng) 詞助 動(dòng) 詞 原 形 動(dòng) 詞 例： I have no idea who that tall girl is. (我不知道那高個(gè)子的女孩是誰(shuí)。 例： a blooming flower (→ 朵盛開的花 ) ③ 過(guò)去分詞 +名詞 → 單獨(dú)一個(gè)字的過(guò)去分詞位于名詞前 , 表 完成 或 被動(dòng) 。 ) (5)關(guān)系代名詞的同義表現(xiàn) ①名詞 +主格關(guān)系代名詞 +動(dòng)詞 → 名詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動(dòng) ) 例： There is a notice that says, No parking. → There is a notice saying, No parking. (有個(gè)告示牌上面寫著禁止停車。 2. all, no, every, any, the?? (4)限定用法及非限定用法 限定用法 → 對(duì)先行詞的內(nèi)容加以限定 例： They had two daughters who became actresses. (他們有兩位當(dāng)了演員的女兒 。 ) 先行詞前有 the only, the same, the very 例： l. He was the only one that trusted me. (他是唯一相信我的人。ve ever experienced. (今天是我們經(jīng)歷過(guò)最寒冷的一天。 ) (2)介系詞 +受格關(guān)系代名詞 例： 1. The woman whom / that you are speaking of is our principal. → The woman you are speaking of is our principal. → The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(你提到的女人是我們的校長(zhǎng)。 ) 2. Remember the advice. I gave you the advice. → Remember the advice which I gave you. (記得我給你的忠告。 ) 受格的關(guān)系代名 詞 (1)受格 whom→ 先行詞 (人 )+受格關(guān)系代名詞 whom +主詞 +動(dòng)詞 +(介系詞 ) ※口語(yǔ)中 , 受格關(guān)代 whom 也可用 who 代替。 ) (3)關(guān)系代名詞 例： The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy. (正在彈吉他的男孩是吉米。 ) 3. Adults don39。 ) 2. I like the building which / that was designed by Mr. Wu. (我喜歡這棟被吳先生設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的大樓。t like people who get out of temper easily. (我不喜歡容易發(fā)脾氣的人。 ) 2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. (我遇到兩位女孩 , 其中一位是我表妹。 ) 2. I saw the little boy beaten by him. (我看見小男孩被他打。 ) My brother let me run errands for him. My brother got me to run errands for him. 2. I had my hair cut yesterday. (我 昨天剪短頭發(fā)了。 ) → The board was painted blue by them. 2. We elected Jack chairperson. (我們選杰克為主席。 ) → We were told the history story by Mr. White. → The history story was told (to) us by Mr. White. ※有些授與動(dòng)詞 , 如 ： make, cook, get, read, sell, sing, write, pass… 等 ， 不可用人做為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主詞。 ) 4. Shoes are made of leather. (皮鞋由皮革制成 。 ) ※ Taipei is known for its good foods. (臺(tái)北以美食聞名。 例： 1. Rice is grown in Taiwan. (臺(tái)灣種稻。t be collected (by them) every day. 2. We can39。助 動(dòng) 詞 過(guò) 去 分 詞 。 例： Every one of us should follow school rules. (我們每一個(gè)人應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)。 ) → Five newborn cats are kept by Betty at home. (2)過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) → was / were +過(guò)去分詞 例： l. They sold many kinds of child seats at the shop. (他們店里賣許多種類的兒童座椅。 例： 1. I listen to music. (我聽音樂。 ) ↓ ↓ 現(xiàn)在式 被動(dòng) 2. I hear the song sung by Jolin. (我聽到這首歌由 Jolin 所唱。s call it a day, shall we? (咱們今 天 就到此為止 , 好嗎？ ) 5. Let us give you a hand, will you? (讓我們幫你的忙 , 好嗎？ ) 6. Let39。t let39。t it? (多有趣的漫畫書 , 不是嗎？ ) (10)祈使句的附加問(wèn)句 祈使句 附加問(wèn)句 肯定祈使句 will you? 否定祈使句 will you? 邀請(qǐng)祈使句 (Have?? ) won39。t he? (我相信他會(huì)盡力而為 , 不是嗎？ ) 3. I don39。t they? (如果明天天氣晴朗 , 他們要去野餐 , 不是嗎？ ) 2. Many readers thought that it was an interesting novel, didn39。 例： 1. Something bad happened to the student, didn39。t you? (會(huì)議上你最好保持沉默 , 不是嗎？ ) (4)直述句中含有否定字 , 如： no, nothing, never, seldom, little, few 等 ， 要用肯定附加問(wèn)句。t he? (他喜歡流行樂 , 不是嗎？ ) 3. He39。 例： 1. There is an old man jogging in the playground, isn39。t I?ain39。t it? (那寶寶睡著了 , 不是嗎？ ) 特別注意的附加問(wèn)句 (1) am 和 not 沒有縮寫形 , 附加問(wèn)句用 am I not, aren39。t he?(泰山愛上一位美麗的女孩 , 不是嗎？ ) 4. People can39。 直述句的主詞 附加問(wèn)句的主詞 Tome, John, Mark… he Mary, Helen, Amy… she Tom and Mary… they this, that it baby, child it 不定詞 (to V), 動(dòng)名詞 (Ving) it 例： l. It39。 否定直述句 , 肯定附加問(wèn)句。 例： You are from Japan, aren39。 ) 4. The other day, my father gave me a puter as a birthday present. (前幾天 ， 父親送我一部 電腦 當(dāng)生日禮物。 ) 3. Mr. Wang has gone to America for three days. ( ) Mr. Wang has gone to America. (√ ) Mr. Wang has been in America for three days. (√ ) (王先生已經(jīng)去美國(guó)三天了。 ) 2. Have you ever been to the library? (你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)圖書館嗎？ ) 3. She has gone to Europe. (她已經(jīng)去歐洲了 。 ) ※ Do you ever visit National Palace Museum in your free time? (你空閑時(shí)會(huì)去參觀故宮嗎 ？ ) 特別注意的現(xiàn)在完成式 (1)現(xiàn)在完成式及過(guò)去式 例： 1. Mr. Green has gone to New York on business. (格林先生已經(jīng)去紐約出差了 。 ② once (一次 ), twice (兩次 ), … times (?? 次 ), before (以前 )等。 ) 2. He is just now answering the call. (他此刻正在接電話。 比較 ： just (剛才 )可用于現(xiàn)在完成式及過(guò)去式。 ) 2. I have just read that ic book. (我剛讀過(guò)那本漫畫書。 ③ yet (尚 ；還 )→ 通常只用于疑問(wèn)句及否定句。 2. How often do you go to a beauty parlor? (你多久上一次美容院？ ) → Once a week. (一 星 期 一次 。 例： I have had a headache all day (long). (我頭痛了一整天了。 ) ※表持續(xù)的副詞 ① for +時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 ② Since+時(shí)間起點(diǎn) ???過(guò) 去 時(shí) 間過(guò) 去 式 子 句 例： 1. We have known each other f o r te n y e a r s . ( 1 0 )te n y e a r s a g o .sinc e w e w e r e c h il d r e n.???? ????我 們 彼 此 認(rèn) 識(shí) 年 了 。 現(xiàn)在完成式的形式 → have/has +過(guò)去分詞。其中包含了 “ 持續(xù) ” 、 “ 完成 ” 、 “ 經(jīng)驗(yàn) ” 等不同的用法。 ) I have learned English since three years ago. (我從 3 年前開始學(xué)英文。 ) ③其它 副詞： all day (整天 ), these days, lately, recently (最近 ), always (一直 ), this week (這個(gè)星 期 )?? 等。從 年 起 我 們 就 住 在 臺(tái) 北 了 。 ② just (剛才 )→ 放 have/has 和過(guò)去分詞之間。 例： 1. The train for Kaohsiung has already arrived. (往高雄的火車已經(jīng)到了 。不 ， 還 沒 。s probably upstairs. (湯姆剛才進(jìn)來(lái)；他大概在樓上。 ) (3)經(jīng)驗(yàn) ※表 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 的副詞 ① ever (曾經(jīng) ), never (從未 ), often (經(jīng)常 )等頻率副詞。她已看了五次。 例： 1. I have just been to the station to see her off. (我剛才去了車站替她送行。 ) 2. Amy has bought the car for one year. ( )