【正文】 Amy has bought the car already. (√ ) Amy bought the car and has owned it for one year. (√ ) (艾咪那輛車買一年了。 ) 3. In the middle of the month, I won the second place in an English speech contest. (月中 , 英語(yǔ)演講比賽我得了第二名。 (1)附加問(wèn)句讀成上升語(yǔ)調(diào)時(shí) , 表 詢問(wèn)事物 , 其意相當(dāng)于一般問(wèn)句 , 可用 Yes 或 No 回答。t you? (↘ ) (你應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則 , 對(duì)吧？ ) 附加問(wèn)句的形式 (1) 肯定直述句 , 否定附加問(wèn)句。 直述句 附加問(wèn)句 be 動(dòng)詞 be 動(dòng) 詞 一般動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞 do, does, did 助 動(dòng)詞 will, can, should… 助動(dòng)詞 will, can, should… (3) 附加問(wèn)句的主詞必須用人稱代名 詞。t he? (爸以前運(yùn)動(dòng)很行 , 不是嗎？ ) 3. Tarzan fell in love with a beautiful girl, didn39。t good for health, is it? (吃太多垃圾食物對(duì)健康無(wú)益 , 是嗎？ ) 7. That baby fell asleep, didn39。 例： I am the right man for the job, am I not?aren39。t) there 回應(yīng)。s fond of pop music, isn39。t they? (瑪麗和她的朋友們玩得很開(kāi)心 ， 不是嗎 ？ ) 5. You had better keep silent in the meeting, hadn39。t you? (你年紀(jì)太小了沒(méi)有投票權(quán) , 不是嗎？ ) (6)直述句主 詞 是 something, anything, nothing, everything 時(shí) , 附 加 問(wèn)句的主詞用 it；若主詞是 someone, anyone, no one, everyone 時(shí) , 附 加 問(wèn)句的主詞用 they。 例： l. If it is fine tomorrow, they will go piicking, won39。t want to hurt me, do you? (我知道你不想傷害我 , 不是嗎？ ) 2. I believe (that) he will try his best, won39。t he? (他是多么善良的人 , 不是嗎？ ) 2. How interesting this ic book is, isn39。s not... / Don39。t you? (喝杯茶 , 好嗎？ ) 4. Let39。 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 的形式 → 主詞 + be V +過(guò)去分詞 + by +行為者 ※ be 動(dòng)詞 +過(guò)去分詞 ↓ ↓ 表 時(shí)態(tài) 表 被動(dòng) 例： 1. The song is sung by Jolin. (這首歌由 Jolin 所唱。但有些 不及物動(dòng)詞 +介系詞 可被視為及物動(dòng)詞 片語(yǔ) , 所以仍可形成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ) → The newer to the club is taken care of by him. 時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 (1)現(xiàn)在式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) → am / are / is +過(guò)去分詞 例： Betty keeps five newborn cats at home. (貝蒂家里養(yǎng)著 5 只剛生下的貓咪。 ) → The problem is going to be discussed by our class. ※其它助動(dòng)詞 , 如： can, must, should… 等的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形成方法 , 和未來(lái)式的被動(dòng)一樣。 ) 2. When did the boy break the window? (這男孩是什么時(shí)候打破窗戶？ ) =When was the window broken by the boy? → It was broken yesterday afternoon. 3. What language is spoken in Spain? (西班牙說(shuō)何種語(yǔ)言？ ) → Spanish is. (3)“ Who +動(dòng)詞 ” 的問(wèn)句 → By whom +be 動(dòng)詞 +主詞 +過(guò)去分詞 ?? ？ 例： Who bought the sweater?(誰(shuí)買了這件毛衣？ )→ By whom was the sweater bought? (4)否定句 → b e n o tn o t b e? ? ? ??? ? ? ??主 詞 動(dòng) 詞 過(guò) 去 分 詞 。 ) → Recyclable paper isn39。t be seen (by us) tonight. 特別注意的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (1) by+行為者之省略 → by 之后的行為者 , 若泛指一般人或未指明某人或含糊不清的某人時(shí) , 則省略。 ) (2)不使用 by 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例： l. Mr. Jackson is known to people in this town. (杰克森先生為此 鎮(zhèn) 上的人所知。 ) 3. They were caught in a shower during the barbecue. (他們?cè)诳救鈺r(shí)被一陣雨給淋濕了 。 ) → I was given a new passport by the embassy. → A new passport was given (to) me by the embassy. 2. Mr. White told us the history story. (懷特先生跟我們說(shuō)那個(gè)歷史故事。 例： l. They painted the board blue. (他們將板子涂成藍(lán)色。 ) → Let the truth be told by me. (6)使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 使役動(dòng)詞 受詞 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) make / have O V . let V be . get to V . 例： 1. My brother made me run errands for him. (我哥要我替他跑腿。 ) 5. Mr. Lin made the work done by me. 6. I was made to do the work by Mr. Lin. (7)感官動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 感官動(dòng)詞 受詞 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) feel, see, watch, look at, notice, listen to, hear 0 V Ving . 例： 1. I saw him beat/beating the little boy. (我看見(jiàn)他打這小男孩。 ) → I have a friend and he lives in Paris. → I have a friend who lives in Paris. ※ 國(guó)語(yǔ) ： 住在巴黎的 朋友 英語(yǔ) ： a friend who lives in Paris ※語(yǔ)順為先行詞 +關(guān)系代名詞 , 但也有下列句子 ： 例： There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich. (這公寓以前住著一位非常富有的老人。t like people. They get out of temper easily. → I don39。 ) (3)主格關(guān)代 that+先行詞 (人、事物；動(dòng)物 )+主格關(guān)系代名詞 that+動(dòng)詞 例： 1. People, who / that help doctors and look after patients are called nurses. (幫忙醫(yī)生照顧病人的人稱為護(hù)士。 ) 2. I know a child who is good at surfing. (我認(rèn)識(shí)一位很會(huì)沖浪的小孩。 ) (2)指示形容詞 例： Look at that dog. (看那只狗。 ) 2. Look at the house. Its roof was damaged. → Look at the house whose roof was damaged. (看那棟屋頂破損的房子。 ) (2)受格 which→ 先行詞 (事物；動(dòng)物 )+受格關(guān)系代名詞 which +主詞 +動(dòng)詞 + (介系詞 ) 例： 1. Here is a magazine. I borrowed it from Miss Wang. → Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang. (這里有一 本我向王老師借的雜志。 ) 特別注意的關(guān)系代名詞 (1)受格的關(guān)系代名詞可省略 例： Soccer is the sport which / that I like (the) best. → Soccer is the sport I like (the )best. (足球是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 ) (3)關(guān)系代名詞只用 that 先行詞前有最高級(jí) 例 ： Today is the coldest day (that) we39。 ) 2. She has everything that a woman could wish for. (她擁有每樣身為女人渴望擁有的東西。 ) ※口訣： 1. 最高級(jí)、序數(shù)、人 +物、避免重復(fù)。 ) 2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in the US. (我的哥哥是位牙醫(yī) , 現(xiàn)在正在美國(guó)進(jìn)修。 ) 修飾名詞的字、 片語(yǔ) 、子句 (1)置于名詞前的形容詞、分詞 \)/ ①形容詞 +名詞 → 形容詞一般多位于名詞前 例： a red flower (一朵紅花 ) ② 現(xiàn)在分詞 +名詞 → 單獨(dú)一個(gè)字的現(xiàn)在分詞位于名詞前 , 表 進(jìn)行 或 主動(dòng) 。 ) 4. This is the window broken by Tom. (這就是湯姆打破的窗戶。t know what this is. (我不 知 道這是什么 。 例： 1. Where does she live? (她住在哪里？ ) ↓ 去掉 Let me know where she lives. (讓我知道她住在哪里。t you go to the office by bus? (你為何沒(méi)搭公交車上班呢？ ) Please tell me why you didn39。 ) 2. Please tell me why I must take care of the little girl. (請(qǐng)告訴我為什么我必須照顧這位小女孩。 ) 比較： l. Do you know what the answer is? (你知道答案是什么嗎？ ) → Yes. I do. / No, I don’t (是的 , 我知道。t know what she has to do. (這可憐的女孩不知道她該做什么。 ) ◎ 當(dāng) 受詞 → We don39。 ) 2. Is it convenient for you to drive me home? (你載我回家方便嗎？ ) → I39。t know when they will achieve the goal. 3. 請(qǐng)告訴我們哪里可以買到手工皮鞋。 ) 2. Do you write with your right hand or your left hand? (你用右手寫字或左手寫字？ ) 3. I always rely on him when I am in trouble. (當(dāng)我有麻煩時(shí) , 我總是依賴他。 ) 3. Go straight, and you will see the restaurant on you right. (直直走 , 那么你會(huì)看見(jiàn)那家餐廳在你右手邊。 ) (3) or (或者；否則 ) 例： 1. What would you prefer, coffee or tea? (你較喜歡哪一種 , 咖啡或茶？ ) 2. You can turn coal into diamonds or sand into puter chip. (你可將碳轉(zhuǎn)變成鉆石或是將沙子轉(zhuǎn)變成計(jì)算機(jī)芯片 .。 ) 2. Go to that bookstore, and you39。 ) 2. We share this world, so each of us has to do our part. (我們共享這個(gè)世界 , 所以我們每個(gè)人都必須各盡本份。 ) 4. Both French and German are spoken in this region. (這個(gè)區(qū)域說(shuō)法文和德文。 ) Mr. Wang as well as the students was late for class. (不僅學(xué)生就連王老師上課也遲到。 ) I know that she is Cathy. (我知道她是 凱西。 ) ※特別注意副詞子句的時(shí)態(tài)表現(xiàn) 主要子句 現(xiàn)在式 過(guò)去式 未來(lái)式 副詞子句 現(xiàn)在式 過(guò)去式 現(xiàn)在式 例： 1. I don39。 ) 2. That the world39。 ) 當(dāng)受詞 → 放 一 般動(dòng)詞后 , 當(dāng)受詞 , th