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屬格An independent genitive can sometimes be used as prepositional plementation. The prepositional phrase (usu. an ofphrase) that takes an independent genitive as plementation is called a “double genitive”..: a poem of Shelley’s a painting of my roommate’s a patient of the doctor’s在雙重屬格結(jié)構(gòu)中, 用作介詞補足成分的屬格名詞,必須是確定特指的,而且一般指人! *a patient of a doctor’s *an engine of the plane’s (a)后置屬格必須指確定的對象(如專有名詞),而且必須指人。*for friendship’s sake (為了友情), for mercy’s sake (為了仁慈的緣故), for safety’s sake (為了安全起見), for caution’s sake (為慎重起見), for acquaintance’s sake (看在熟人的面上), for convenience’s sake (為方便起見), forappearance’s sake (為了裝門面), for conscience’s sake (為求良心的安寧), etc.※ k. 與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系或擬人化的名詞。s way so the children can39。.: I’m going to the barber’s. (barber shop) We visited St. Paul’s. (St. Paul Cathedral)i. 一個名詞屬格所修飾的詞,如果前面已經(jīng)提到,就往往可以省略,避免重復。.: a dollar’s/ shilling’s worth of stamp a ton’s weighte. 用于表示地理、國家、城市、地域等名稱的名詞后。 a. 用于由人組成的集體名詞后。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)二: of +名詞1)表示無生命東西的名詞所有關(guān)系時,用 of +名詞 the legs of the table the title of the book the cover of the book the importance of the plan the window of the house the strength of the envelope2) 表示有生命的東西的屬格,當該名詞有較長的定語或者為了表達某種感情色彩時,亦可用of +名詞結(jié)構(gòu): the classroom of the firstyear students the wedding of the Prince of Wales the death of the king+書p55Genitive nouns are sometimes interchangeable with of phrase. .:the visitor’s arrival the arrival of the visitoran elephant’s trunk the trunk of the elephantmen’s shoes shoes for men * shoes of menCollective nouns can also take both forms: the family’s objection the objection of the family the mittee’s task the task of the mitteeBoth the genitive and ofphrase can be used with geographical proper nouns and nouns referring to places, institutions, etc. China’s foreign policy the foreign policy of China Britain’s resistance the resistance of Britain the city’s problems the problems of the city the hospital’s entrance the entrance of the hospital the village’s population the population of the village(3)名詞屬格的意義Meanings of genitive nounsA) Possessive genitive (所有關(guān)系)China’s territorymy son’s wifethe Young Pioneer’s red scarfB) Subjective genitive (主謂關(guān)系, 其中的名詞大多由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來) (動作的執(zhí)行者)the teacher’s praisethe student’s application (= The student applied.) the Party’s callC) Objective genitive (動賓關(guān)系,名詞由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來) (動作的承受者)the younger generation’s educationthe president’s assassination the war prisoners’ releaseD) Genitive of origin (來源)Remin Ribao’s editorialsNewton’s law ※ the girl’s story=a story told by the girlE) Descriptive genitive (類別)women’s magazineschildren’s language a doctor’s degreeF) Genitive of time, distance, measure, value, etc. 表示時間、度量、價值等ten minutes’ breaktwo or three minutes’ absence a mile’s distance 50 kilograms’ weighttwenty dollars’ valueE)“名詞詞組+同位語”構(gòu)成屬格時,‘s加在同位語名詞之后如:his schoolmate Johnson’s,Basel the bookseller’s,也可以前后都加39。s 如:my motherinlaw’s death, an hour and a half’s talk, somebody else’s opinion* 以 s 結(jié)尾的普通名詞后加 ’s,或者只加 ’。s poems,my mother’s arrival, women’s clothes。who從句+的動詞現(xiàn)在時在人稱和數(shù)的形式上應(yīng)與I保持一致。(4) 分裂句中的主謂一致在強調(diào)句中,由that/who引導的從句的動詞形式通常依先行詞而定。only,如果what分句本身明顯表示富士意義,那么主句動詞也可用復數(shù)。如果這類主語不表示多數(shù)個體概念,隨后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。averagea+名詞或more如果要用復數(shù)名詞:名詞復數(shù)+of this kind/ sort/ type Roses of this kind are very sweet出現(xiàn)在these kinds of,many/several kinds of 后的名詞,既可以是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。of,a pile of,a例句見書P32b) 主語是由“l(fā)ots of,heaps of, loads of, scads of, plenty of+名詞”構(gòu)成,表示“許許多多”等概念時,隨后動詞的單復數(shù)形式也依of 詞組的名次類別而定。intelevision.familiessixtyeg. There are six silver dollars in each of the stockings.b) “分數(shù)(百分數(shù))+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語謂語動詞形式依of詞組中的名詞類別而定。havedollarstime.yearsblame.theThereadasnot…but等連接的并列主語就近原則處理Theneither…nor,遠處看見一輛馬車。seencartfourteen.and房間里不見桌椅。seenand每個男孩女孩都喜歡這本書。girlEvery(4) a mittee of 等+復數(shù)名詞見書P27 以并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(1) 由and和both...and連接的并列主語【注意】thetohas觀眾對演出甚感激動。excitedaudiencefurniture(家具),machinery(機械),scenery(景色),jewelry(珠寶),equipment(設(shè)備)等集合名詞通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞,表示單數(shù)意義,用作主語時,其后謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。所有的貨物都給他們送去了。beenAllvery是你將被派到那里去還是李蕾將被派到那里去?(1) 以s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱和游戲名稱(2) 以ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱(3) 以s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(4) 其他以s結(jié)尾的名詞(1) 通常作復數(shù)的集體名詞見書P27 【注】goods(貨物),toor sentisyouinchairsindesk(1)(1) 語法一致 語法一致即謂語動詞在單復數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致eg.A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語也采取單數(shù)形式)語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規(guī)則.Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語是復數(shù)形式,謂語也采取復數(shù)形式)語法書幫助你學習語言的某些規(guī)則.(2) 意義一致和就近原則意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復數(shù)保持一致。 主謂一致SubjectVerb Concord即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致,主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。如:achairs他房間里有一張辦公桌和五把椅子。fivedesk他房間里有五把椅子和一張辦公桌。EitherLeibeyougoingthere?arehavethem.luggage(行李),Theveryshow.publicrightin如將側(cè)重點放在組成集體的成員上,動詞用復數(shù)。no的修飾時,謂語用單數(shù):(every)book.deskwasroom.Six[make]c) 當and連接的兩個的詞語指同一個人或事物時,謂語通常要用單數(shù):Awasdistance.either...or,also,wellhasthantoeg. TwentylongTenI如果看作組成該數(shù)量的一個個的個體,謂語用復數(shù)。Overofa例句見書P32d) “one例句見書P32(2) 以表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語a) 主語是all of…,some of…,none of…,half of…,most of…等表示非確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組,其后的動詞形式依of 詞組的名次類別而定。seriesd) 主語是由“限定詞+a kind/ sort/ type of +名詞”構(gòu)成,隨后的動詞形式按以下規(guī)則:在a kind/ sort/ type of,this kind/ sort/ type of之后通常加單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,動詞用單數(shù)。e) 主語是由manyf) 如果主語由anof+復數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成,而且明確表示多數(shù)個體概念,隨后的謂語動詞用復數(shù)。在以what分句作主語的SVC結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果主語補語是復數(shù)名詞,主語謂語動詞可用復數(shù)。of+復數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導的定語從句中,從句謂語的單復數(shù)取決于one前是否有the如果有,從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù),如沒有,就用復數(shù)形式。I+ 名詞屬格的構(gòu)成、意義和用法(1)名詞屬格的構(gòu)成 (加’s)A)單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞一般在詞尾加’s如:Milltown39。C)復合名詞和作為一個整體的名詞詞組構(gòu)成屬格時,在最后一個詞的結(jié)尾加39。如果僅在第二個名詞之后加‘s(Mary and Bob’s),則指兩人共有的書。但以其他咝音結(jié)尾的人名,屬格用’s,如Marx’s,Ross’s等。.: the cat’s paw the dog’s tail the snake’s teeth ewe’s milk 羊奶(3) 名詞s屬格也用于表示某些無生命的東西之后。.: one meter’