【正文】 of the respondent Cognitive distortions ? Most offenders have an intricate system of distorted justifications for their actions. Many are not able to consciously understand that these values are incorrect because this would mean that they had done ‘wrong’. ? Example: “She wanted it, she was dressed for sex” or “She didn’t say no and she kissed me first, so she really meant yes” Social desirability ? People have a tendency to gloss over personal flaws and focus on positive features ? Not as much a concern if the respondent has a high level of cognitive distortions and does not feel judged by the clinician but… ? Some questionnaires use lie scales to measure this tendency ? Clinicians must constantly consider this issue Acting within your professional limits ? Get informed: consult with a fellow mental health professional who is more specialized or refer to educational resources (see appendix) ? Connect the client to a specialized provider: If the situation arises, referrals are mon and wele Brief wrap up: The 3 Ws What? ? Different types of sexual violence – Reprehensible vs. illegal – Level of contact – Relation to the victim – Prior history of criminal activity – Legal offense description – Strategy of offense – Reason for actions – Comorbidity with other disorders Why? ? Reasons for assessment in general settings – Link between mental health and sexual violence – Underreporting issues – Promising increase seen in universal screening How? ? Methods of assessment – Questionnaires, unstructured interviews, structured interviews, physiological response measurement ? Key questions – Static, stabledynamic, and acute changing factors ? Important considerations – Multiple sources to assess, mandatory reporting laws, safety of disclosure, language choice, cognitive distortion, social desirability, and professional limits Questions or ments? Thank you for your time! For more information feel free to contact me at References ? American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect (AAPCCAN) (1998). The role of the pediatrician in recognizing and intervening on behalf of abused women. Pediatrics, 101, 10911092. ? Bachman, R. (2020). A parison of annual incidence rates and contextual characteristics of intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 6(8), 839867. ? Beebe, D. K., Gulledge, K. M., Lee, C. M., and Replogle, W. (1994). Prevalence of sexual assault among women patients seen in family practice clinics. Family Practice Research Journal, 14(3), 223228. ? Bernhard, L. A. (2020). Physical and sexual violence experienced by lesbian and heterosexual women. Violence Against Women, 6(1), 6879. ? Burt, . (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217230. References ? Bureau of Justice Statistics (December 1998). National Crime Victimization Survey. Washington, DC: . Department of Justice. ? Cameron, P., Proctor, K., Coburn, ., Forde, N., Larson, H., and Cameron, K. (1986). Child molestation and homosexuality. Psychology Report, 58, 327337. ? Coxell, A., King, M., Mezey, G., and Gordon, D. (1999). Lifetime prevalence, characteristics and associated problems of nonconsensual sex in men: Cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 318, 846850. ? Coyle, B. S., Wolan, D. L., and Van Horn, A. S. (1996). The prevalence of physical and sexual abuse in women veterans seeking care at a veteran’s affairs medical center. Military Medicine, 161(10), 588593. ? Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, ., and Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 14, 1928. ? Fisher, ., Daigle, ., Cullen, ., and Turner, . (2020). Reporting sexual victimization to the police and others: Results from a nationallevel study of college women. Criminal justice and beh