【正文】 ? Drawbacks: Costly, restricted to use by trained forensic professionals, not a perfect predictor of future behavior, not perfectly similar for all respondents Unstructured clinical interviews ? Description: A freeflowing conversational interview guided solely by clinical judgment ? Benefits: Very tailored to each client, mon to most health appointments, good preliminary investigation ? Drawbacks: Studies have shown that clinical judgment alone functions only slightly better than chance at predicting future criminal behaviors Physiological response test ? Description: Scientific apparatus that monitors the physiological arousal in response to certain stimuli ? Examples: The polygraph or the plethysmograph ? Benefits: Concrete output, possible treatment benefits (“Get it all out, I’ll know if you are lying”) ? Drawbacks: Costly, can be fooled by trained individuals, and can give false impressions regarding physiological arousal (response to normative stimuli can be misinterpreted) Key areas of assessment Static, stabledynamic and acutechanging factors Preparation ? Information is obtained before an interview ? We typically use multiple sources: corroborative interviews with providers/friends/family, review of treatment notes, police reports, victim reports, investigational materials, psychiatric evaluations, psychological testing, children’s agency reports, and recorded testimony (Maletsky, 1997) 3 main topic areas in assessment ? Static factors ? Stabledynamic factors ? Acute changing factors Static factors ? A static risk factor is a permanent fact that makes a person more likely to be in danger of sexually offending. Static factors are the personal experiences someone uses to evaluate how they should act. – . Life history, experiences, past behaviors – Developed from weighted norms – Common to structured clinical interviews ? Must use multiple informants Commonly assessed static factors ? Family violence^ (a) severity (b) age of onset ? Physical/sexual abuse^ (a) force used (b) degree of peration (c) relation to perpetrator, (d) age of onset, (e) duration ? Prior sexual offenses* (a) age at offense, (b) victim age/sex (c) undue force used (d) degree of peration (e) setting ? Prior violent acts* (a) age at offense, (b) victim age/sex (c) undue force used (d) degree of peration (e) setting ? Prior criminal record* (a) incarceration record (b) prior delinquency ? Life stability* (a) married (b) employment (c) education (d) social work (e) family support ? Demographics* (a) culture/race, (b) age, (d) socioeconomic status *Included in almost every static risk assessment tool ^Shown to be a significant predictor of sexual offense in juveniles, but not directly tied to adult offenders Prediction based on static factors ? Problems: (1) not case specific, (2) lack of clinical judgment, and (3) although there is high sensitivity, . catching 8090% of reoffenders, there is low specificity, . wrongly accusing 4070% of nonreoffenders ? Benefit: IDing highrisk individuals ? Use: An initial risk indicator ranking a person as “Low”, “Medium”, or “High” risk for the purpose of initial assignment to a supervision group ? Frequency: Since these factors do not change, one might only evaluate these initially and as warranted Stabledynamic factors ? Stabledynamic factors are sets of semipermanent factors that treatment aims to correct. These systems are basically our values – . attitudes, cognitive distortions, and preferred coping skills – Mostly developed through fiat – Questionnaires and interviews Commonly assessed stabledynamic factors ? Attitudes towards women (a) hostile masculinity (b) masculine role stress (c) attitudes towards women (d) traditional patriarchal beliefs (e) rape myth beliefs (f) societal norms (g) family norms ? Personal/social adjustment (a) isolation (b) pathological deceitfulness (c) coping strategy / present stress (