英美概況各章節(jié)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)整理-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 istory. ? American was discovered. Henry VIII and reform of the church ? Henry VIII: the quintessential Renaissance sovereign famous for founding the Church of England. ? Martin Luther desired the reform of the church. ? The reform of the church coincided with the Renaissance. The immediate course was Henry VIII’s divorce case. ? Henry didn’t want to alter theology in any way. What he did was only to get rid of Papal interferences in England’s internal affairs. ? Henry VIII was followed by Edward VI, switching to Protestant theology and his drastic reform has been called “the Reformation” in English history. ? Bloody Mary: Mary was Henry VIII’s daughter and she was a Catholic. After she became Queen, about 300 Protestants were burnt as heretics, for they held Protestant views. As a result, people call her Bloody Mary. Elizabeth 1(15331603) ? Externally, Elizabeth successfully played off against each other two great Catholic powers, France and Spain. ? Establish charter panies, such as East India Company. ? The Spanish king Philip finally made war with Armada (the Invincible Fleet).Elizabeth was regarded as the foundationlayer of the British Empire. ? Elizabeth Age refers to the English golden age. Section five: the English civil war(Bourgeois Revolution) Background of Revolution ? Enclosures and the peasant uprising created a new working class, proletariat. ? James 6 of Scotland was weled to the throne as James marks the major step to the unification of the two kingdoms. James 1(16031625) and the parliament ? James said:no bishop, no king, relations between the Puritans and the king deteriorated. ? The Catholics were also opposed to the king for his staunch support of the Church of England. The night bonfire festival is celebrated on November 5, with fireworks and bonfire on which Guy Fawkes was burnt in effigy to remember the day Gunpowder Plot of 1605,reminding the English people the danger of Catholic restoration. ? Many puritans refused to conform the King James Version, so they became nonconformists, in 1620,201 nonconformists sailed from Plymouth in a ship named Mayflower. They were called Pilgrims. ? James 1 believed Divine Right of Kings, dissolved the parliament for 7 years. He was called the wisest fool. Charles 1 ? He followed a proCatholicism policy.(In Elizabethan times, puritans were popular) ? The puritans were noted for simple dress, high moral standards, demand of equality, and egalitarian [i,ɡ230。Reforms ? William died and left his Normandy to Robert, England to William Rufus, all his money to Henry. William II was killed when hunting, Henry I succeeded him. ? Henry I had no male heir, his nephew Henry II became the founder of the Plantage dynasty 金雀花王朝 . ? The new king strengthened the Great Council. Chancellor is the chief number, in charge of the administrative and judicial system. The present day Lord Chancellor is his successor. ? Administrative reform： Replaced the traditional land tax based on h
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