【正文】 y (m2/s) nominal size of packing (m) gas phase mass transfer coefficient (kmol/m2 s) liquid phase mass transfer coefficient (kmol/m2 s) superficial air (gas) flow rate (kg/m2 s) acceleration of gravity (m/s2) gas side heat transfer coefficient (kJ/m2 s) gas phase mass transfer coefficient (kmol/m2 s Pa) liquid phase mass transfer coeffic。 一般當(dāng)符號(hào)比較多時(shí)采用后者。 Clausen et al., 1991。 mg m3。一般首先用數(shù)學(xué)方法描述所討論的問題，如列出控制方程、邊界條件和初始條件。詳細(xì)的程度應(yīng)使別的研究者可以重復(fù)你的實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)難以重復(fù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)可評(píng)價(jià)你的實(shí)驗(yàn)。 Ullah et al. (1998), Kinsara et al. (1998) and Lazzarin et al. (1999) used calcium chloride (CaCl2)。下面通過一些例子對(duì)上面的介紹加以說明。這就必須交代為什么你選擇該問題，該問題的解決狀況如何，還有那些問題需要研究，你如何解決這些問題，得到了哪些有意義的結(jié)果。(4) 和 (5) 的安排比較靈活，有時(shí)可不同時(shí)出現(xiàn)。(4) 說明一下文章安排。(2) 相關(guān)研究回顧與綜述。寫作之前，心中需對(duì)閱讀對(duì)象有所了解和估計(jì)，這樣在行文時(shí)對(duì)遣詞造句就會(huì)有把握，既避免過于專業(yè)，使讀者難以理解，又不致過于平白，讓讀者索然無味。berg and Goswami Mathematical model was used to predict the experimental findings giving satisfactory results. 摘要例3[3]Abstract: This paper presents a performance evaluation of two passive cooling strategies, daytime ventilation and night cooling, for a generic, sixstory suburban apartment building in Beijing and Shanghai. The investigation uses a coupled, transient simulation approach to model heat transfer and airflow in the apartments. Winddriven ventilation is simulated using putational fluid dynamics (CFD). Occupant thermal fort is accessed using Fanger’s fort model. The results show that night cooling is superior to daytime ventilation. Night cooling may replace airconditioning systems for a significant part of the cooling season in Beijing, but with a high condensation risk. For Shanghai, neither of the two passive cooling strategies can be considered successful. 摘要例4[4]ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of a puter program developed for solving 2 and 3D ventilation problems. The program solves, in finite difference form, the steadystate conservation equations of mass, momentum and thermal energy. Presentation of the fluctuating velocity ponents is made using the kε turbulence model. Predicted results of air velocity and temperature distribution in a room are corroborated by experimental measurements. The numerical solution is extended to other room ventilation problems of practical interest. 如何寫引言中國有句俗話：好的開頭等于成功的一半。 Indoor air。下面列舉了幾篇國際期刊論文的英文摘要，供讀者參考。英文摘要內(nèi)容完整，可獨(dú)立存在。在英文摘要中，時(shí)態(tài)可以是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),具體用何種時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容而定，但一般多用被波動(dòng)語態(tài)。3. 各部分寫作的注意事項(xiàng) 如何寫論文題目First impressions are strong impressions。安排和調(diào)整材料寫論文草稿 和指導(dǎo)老師討論。2. 科技論文的寫作步驟 步驟及注意事項(xiàng)如同繪畫。Information regarding the supportorsupporter (s) (., financial support) is included here.參考文獻(xiàn)References 對(duì)于一般科研論文，參考文獻(xiàn)為10－20篇；對(duì)于綜述性論文，參考文獻(xiàn)為60－100篇。此部分內(nèi)容安排要特別注意邏輯性。Make necessary assumptions. Describe the problem in mathematical equations together with relating boundary and initial conditions. Obtain the solution.Let the research can be reproduced.Describe the apparatus and instruments. Describe pertinent and critical factors involved inthe experimental work.結(jié)果和討論Results and discussion篇幅：全文的40%左右。說明所研究問題的重要性；相關(guān)研究回顧與綜述：指出已有研究的不足和局限，但語氣應(yīng)友善而含蓄。150200 words to give purpose, methods or procedures, new results and their significance, and conclusions. Write for literature searchers as well as Journal readers.Include major quantitative data if they can be stated briefly, but do not include background material.關(guān)鍵詞Key words3－5個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，作為論文檢索用，使讀者可用關(guān)鍵詞方便檢索到此論文，并對(duì)論文按內(nèi)容分類。Authorship Names of authors Affiliation Email address andtelephone and faxnumbers forcorresponding author, if possible.通訊作者：往往是固定研究人員或項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人。從某種意義上說，科研論文是“八股文”。由于本書只介紹英文科研論文的寫作，不講如何做研究，因此只介紹有了好的研究成果后如何寫成合格的科研文章。其實(shí)，論文被發(fā)表只是結(jié)果，這個(gè)結(jié)果是和一系列科研環(huán)節(jié)密切相關(guān)的，論文寫作只是其最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。“An acceptable primary scientific publication” must be “the first disclosure”. 科研論文寫作常出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)誤區(qū)是：以為好論文是“寫”出來的，只要會(huì)寫，論文總能被接受發(fā)表。同樣，選題很好，研究工作做得不夠細(xì)致、深入，也難有說服力，難以成為有價(jià)值的研究工作?？蒲姓撐模幌笊⑽?、小說那樣形式可以千姿百態(tài)，而具有較為固定的格式。Brief. A plete sentence is not necessary.作者信息 姓名 單位地址 聯(lián)系方式：Email地址、 傳真、電話。不僅對(duì)讀者，而且對(duì)文獻(xiàn)檢索者都有幫助。Use SI units as much as possible.引言Introduction 篇幅：全文的1020 %。介紹為簡(jiǎn)化問題所作的必要且合理的假設(shè)；對(duì)問題進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)描述：列方程、邊界條件和初始條件；問題求解；或介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器、條件和步驟：使讀者閱讀后可重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果：直接的發(fā)現(xiàn)；討論：間接的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Summarize conclusions of the work.致謝Acknowledgement(s)說明本工作受到的資助及得到的幫助。練習(xí)1。表2 英文科技論文寫作步驟準(zhǔn)備材料確定題目寫提綱 和指導(dǎo)老師討論。 練習(xí)2。摘要部分應(yīng)盡可能簡(jiǎn)明，一般不超過300個(gè)詞，摘要比論文具有更廣泛的讀者，因此，盡量用通俗和易懂的詞匯(這些詞匯無需通過閱讀全文或查相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)后就可明白)，且風(fēng)格、時(shí)態(tài)等應(yīng)統(tǒng)一。 一般情況下，摘要中不列參考文獻(xiàn)，不含圖表。當(dāng)然，有些國際會(huì)議，開始只需要提交摘要，這時(shí)，摘要常常先寫。 Emission。 Sorption 摘要例2[2]Abstract: Desiccant systems have been proposed as energy saving alternatives to vapor pression air conditioning for handling the latent load. Use of liquid desiccants offers several design and performance advantages over solid desiccants, especially when solar energy is used for regeneration. For liquidgas contact, packed towers with low pressure drop provide good heat and mass transfer characteristics for pact designs. This paper presents the results from a study of the performance of a packed tower absorber and regenerator for an aqueous lithium chloride desiccant dehumidification system. The rates of dehumidification and regeneration, as well as the effectiveness of the dehumidification and regeneration processes were assessed under the effects of variables such as air and desiccant flow rates, air temperature and humidity, and desiccant temperature and concentration. A variation of the 214。引言即是文章的開頭。因此，在引言中應(yīng)開門見山，說明要討論的問題及其重要性。有了前面2部分的鋪墊，現(xiàn)在就要具體說明本研究要解決什么問題，在解決思路上、方法、手段等上有什么新穎或改進(jìn)之處。在這部分，下面的表述可供參考：This paper is divided into five major sections as follows…Section one of this paper opens with…Section three develops the second hypothesis on…Section four shows (introduces, reveals, treats, develops, deals with, etc.)…The result of … is given in the last section.(5) 介紹一下主要結(jié)論。首先當(dāng)然是點(diǎn)出問題，并使讀者一下被吸引。具體方式，視所投期刊要求而定。 Meininghaus et al., 2000). A plicating feature of this method is that VOC transport between ch