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迅速 發(fā)展,并日益完善的一項(xiàng)綜合技術(shù),它包括水平井油藏工程和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)、水平井井眼軌道控制技術(shù)、水平井鉆井液與油層保護(hù)技術(shù)、水平井測(cè)井和水平井完井技術(shù)等一系列重要技術(shù),它綜合了多種學(xué)科的一些先進(jìn)技術(shù)成果。在19901995 年的 6 年中,世界上共鉆成水平井 12590 口,是 19841989 的 6 年中所鉆水平井總數(shù)的近 15 倍。水平井完鉆優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)、井眼軌跡控制技術(shù)、下部鉆具組合優(yōu)選、確保施工安全和防止油層污染的鉆井液完井液技術(shù)、組合完井工藝技術(shù)、大扭矩多級(jí)馬達(dá)、可控彎接頭、變經(jīng)穩(wěn)定器、水力加壓器、高效 PDC 鉆頭、 MWD 和 LWD 儀器等一大批先進(jìn)的工藝技術(shù)、工具和儀器在水平井鉆井中廣泛應(yīng)用,創(chuàng)造多項(xiàng)水平井井深、水平位移、水平段長(zhǎng)度和水 平井施工周期等世界紀(jì)錄。針對(duì)油氣井發(fā)生損壞甚至報(bào)廢不斷增加的情況以及降低鉆井投入的實(shí)際需要老井的修復(fù)和側(cè)鉆將不斷受到重視,水平井作為提高油氣開(kāi)的的效率的重要手段。應(yīng)用水平井開(kāi)發(fā)具有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),所以水平井技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今重要的鉆井技術(shù)。常見(jiàn)的兩維水平軌道有單增和雙增軌道兩種。 關(guān)鍵詞: 水平井;三維井眼軌道;設(shè)計(jì);數(shù)學(xué)模型;精確解 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) Abstract The horizontal well drilling often plicated by the underground geological conditions, mine safety requirements for equipment, tools, ability to create the slope,into the target conditions and other well in the actual construction process, often need to optimize the design of the original track, to enable more in line with the actual construction site pletion of construction .Optimal design of horizontal wells in Oil Field actual construction , has been widely used and achieved very good results. Greatly improved the success rate of construction of horizontal wells .Abstract : the reasonable success of well trajectory design is the key to control the well , fast, rational design of more than about threedimensional hole under the track is to be expected to solve the problem .The paper established the position of a given target point and the direction threedimensional borehole general mathematical modal of track design, vector analysis theory has been constrained variables and the analytical expression of well trajectory formula. This method avoids the solution of multidimensional equations , design solve plex multidimensional constraint conditions of the well trajectory design problem has general applicability, can be widely used in the design of various types of horizontal wells, directional wells and multitarget well, the borehole Orbit control provides a more accurate theoretical basis. Key words: horizontal wells; three well trajectory; design; mathematical model;exact solution 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) I 目 錄 第 1 章 概述 .................................................................................................................... 1 課題研究的背景、目的及意義 ................................................................. 1 國(guó)外水平井井眼軌跡設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ........................................................ 1 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ........................................................................................ 4 第 2 章 水平井的基本概念及井眼軌跡的基本參數(shù) .................................................... 6 水平井的基本概念 .................................................................................... 6 水平井井眼軌跡的基本參數(shù) ..................................................................... 6 第 3 章 水平井井眼軌跡設(shè)計(jì)的影響因素及原則 ...................................................... 10 水平井井眼軌跡設(shè)計(jì)的影響因素 ........................................................... 10 水平井井眼軌跡設(shè)計(jì)的原則 .................................................................. 11 第 4 章 井眼延伸方向預(yù)測(cè)及軌跡控制原則 .............................................................. 13 井眼軌跡預(yù)測(cè)依據(jù) ................................................................................... 13 井眼軌跡控制原則 .................................................................................. 14 第 5 章 水平井井眼軌跡描述方法 .............................................................................. 17 井眼軌跡圖示法 ....................................................................................... 17 井眼軌跡計(jì)算方法 .................................................................................. 19 井眼軌跡描述與地層關(guān)系 ...................................................................... 22 第 6 章 二維軌道設(shè)計(jì)模型及其精確解 ...................................................................... 24 問(wèn)題的提出 .............................................................................................. 24 設(shè)計(jì)模型 .................................................................................................. 25 模型求解 ................................................................................................... 26 應(yīng)用 .......................................................................................................... 27 關(guān)于二維條件下水平井井眼軌跡設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ...................................... 28 第 7 章 三維軌道設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................. 29 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II 問(wèn)題的提出 .............................................................................................. 29 數(shù)學(xué)模型建立 .......................................................................................... 30 井眼軌道計(jì)算 .......................................................................................... 32 計(jì)算模型的應(yīng)用 ...................................................................................... 33 關(guān)于三維條件下水平井經(jīng)驗(yàn)軌跡設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ...................................... 34 結(jié) 論 ........................................................................................................................ 35 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 36 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................ 36 東北石油大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 第 1 章 概述 課題研究的背景、目的及意義 水平井鉆井涉及許多關(guān)鍵技術(shù),軌道設(shè)計(jì)是其 中之一,它直接影響水平井的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益及成敗。準(zhǔn)確、快速、合理地設(shè)計(jì)多約條件下的三維井眼軌道是人們期待解決的問(wèn)題。 水平井鉆井施工常受到地下復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件、井下儀器安全要求、工具造斜率能力,入靶條件等因素的限制 .在水平井實(shí)際施工過(guò)程中,往往需要對(duì)原軌道設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,使之能夠更加符合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際施工要求 .又好又快的完成施工。通過(guò)查閱資料以及相關(guān)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),做出了比較淺顯的水平井井眼軌跡的設(shè)計(jì)。合理的井眼軌道設(shè)計(jì)是成功控制井眼軌道的關(guān)鍵 。應(yīng)用該模型成功地解決了復(fù)雜的多約束條件下的三維井眼軌道設(shè)計(jì)這一難題, 具有普