【正文】 didn’t begin to accelerate in the study area until the past decade. Overall, the trend for the landscape matrix of the study area has been outward expansion of urban 山東理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 6 areas, with the most rapid changes occurring at the fringes of the urban area. However, this growth had not occurred in a simple concentric form, but instead was discontinuous, especially in the Aydin districts, with the formation of separate patches of urban development in the periurban areas and along the major highways. This is a mon trend not only in Turkish cities but in Mediterranean European cities such as Barcelona. Consequently, maintaining sustainable agriculture bees an issue in this context. Sustainable agriculture means agriculture that conserves land, water, and plant and animal geic resources, does not degrade the environment, and is economically viable and socially acceptable. A variety of public policies and programs, such as zoning, use value assessment, purchasing or transferring development rights, and purchasing conservation easements, could protect these rural landscapes. Furthermore, no prehensive plan exists to mitigate the negative consequences of transformations in land use at a landscape scale for all urban areas. Currently, each municipality produces their own individual plans. With different plans operating for different municipalities, achieving consistency and integration is impossible. Therefore, a prehensive plan should be generated to integrate the efforts of the different munities. It is particularly noteworthy that despite the expansion of urban areas in the study area, natural areas have not diminished greatly. Some small developments along the southern part of the study area have expanded at the expense of the natural landscape, but increases in agricultural land use have had a larger impact on natural areas. The establishment of protected natural spaces is necessary to prevent this form of development from encroaching on these areas, and connection of the natural systems in the north and south with a wider ecological work, including the urban open spaces and agricultural patches, will bee increasingly necessary. The petition among these different demands being placed on the landscape requires the development of prehensive plans that include measures to contain urbanization and protect agricultural and natural landscapes. 4. Conclusions This study examined the land use dynamics acpanying urbanization in the City of Aydin between 1986 and 2022. A landscape ecology approach provided a holistic description of the landscapescale relationships involved in these changes. The institutional environment has shaped the land use patterns in Turkish landscapes, with current government policies leading to unsustainable urban growth in the City of Aydin. Industrialization is playing a significant role in the development of the study area by altering the social and economic structures and changing the spatial patterns. Industrial areas are experiencing the greatest change, followed by mining sites. The significant increases in these important economic activities calls for largerscale development 山東理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 7 plans that will balance economic and environmental goals. The expansion of urban development is equally noteworthy, because urban areas are growing mostly at the expense of agricultural land. Even though the magnitude of the loss of agricultural land is less than in other areas of Turkey, monitoring of the change would help planners to mitigate the consequences of unsustainable urbanization. Due to their location, urbanized areas are not currently producing strong pressure on natural habitats。 關(guān)鍵詞 :城鎮(zhèn)化 政府 環(huán)境保護 公眾意識 山東理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 9 引言 城鎮(zhèn)化促使 文化和社會的 變革，它 改變 了從 農(nóng)村到城市的環(huán)境和 人們的生活方式。這個 制度 環(huán)境包括正式規(guī)則（例如產(chǎn)權(quán) 、法律、 國際條約）和非正式約束 （例 如行為規(guī)范 、 公約 、 自我強加的行為準(zhǔn)則）。本研究主要 強調(diào)了政府在城鎮(zhèn)化過程中處理環(huán)境問題的作用，還運用 景觀生態(tài)學(xué) 知識，采用 動態(tài)分析的理論和方法 ， 研究 城鎮(zhèn)化土地利用問題 。 雖然 農(nóng)業(yè)貢獻了 40％的就業(yè) 率 ， 但 其 在 整體收入中的份額 卻 逐步下降，從 1950 年 國民生產(chǎn)總值的 50%下降到 2022 年國民生產(chǎn)總值的 13%左右 。土耳其的國家政策走向城鎮(zhèn)化和環(huán)境的演變在此期間。其中 第 56 條 指出 ，每個人都有權(quán)利生活在一個健康 、 平衡的環(huán)境，而且改善環(huán)境 、 保護環(huán)境健康 及 防止污染 是國家及其公民的責(zé)任 ； 申明 城鎮(zhèn) 化規(guī)劃框架 ，應(yīng)該 尊重 城鎮(zhèn) 和環(huán)境條件的動態(tài)狀態(tài)指示 。土耳其的環(huán)保政策也 受到了 國際承諾 如歐洲景觀協(xié)議 的強烈影響 。這些計劃已被列入 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代初以來的 城鎮(zhèn)化和環(huán)境問題 之中 。 環(huán)境部在此期間 也成立， 主要規(guī)劃原則是促進宜居 城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè) ，滿足 城鄉(xiāng) 居民的需求，而不是放緩 城鎮(zhèn)化 進程 。但是公眾參與的不多， 因為 很多 市民不相信他們的意見 會 被 當(dāng)局 采納 。 由于 缺乏協(xié)調(diào) 中央和地方關(guān)系的相關(guān)機構(gòu)，再加上 缺乏可靠的數(shù)據(jù)和分析， 管理力度 削弱。 此外， 城鎮(zhèn) 規(guī)劃師 、 景觀建筑師 、 生態(tài)學(xué)家和其他專家之間的合作是 有限的，因為多學(xué)科合作 容易產(chǎn)生分歧 。主要農(nóng)業(yè)用地大量被轉(zhuǎn) 化成不同的土地用途，但當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)并不認(rèn)為 這有損于 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)， 不對農(nóng)村環(huán)境的 損失負(fù)責(zé)。 二、 城鎮(zhèn)化 進程中土耳其艾登市的土地利用趨勢 自 1980 年以來，土耳其已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了迅速的社會 、 經(jīng)濟 和環(huán)境的變化。 要達(dá)到國家 在城鎮(zhèn)化進程中 的環(huán)保目標(biāo) ，只是 生成立 法是不夠的 。 同時 預(yù)測計劃的生態(tài)后果，讓規(guī)劃者產(chǎn)生更現(xiàn)實和更全面的解決方案 。然而， 在 北歐 、 美國和土耳其其他大城市地區(qū)不同的是，這