【正文】 有效方法 智能交通燈是智能交通領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)分支。我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)百萬(wàn)人口以上的大城市，每年由于交通帶來(lái)的直接和間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá) 1600 億元，相當(dāng)于國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的3． 2％。amc light of crossroad in urban traffic is automatic，the alternative switch ofred and green trafjfic light is timed， bywhich the interval time ofswitching is changeless． It is not suitable for practice． Because， when there is a big difference of eastwest and northsouth’S vehicle flow,if tumon time is distributed by traffic light,the problen may appered such as tuiti on time ofdirection of more vehicles iS lack， while one of fewervehicles is excessive． Because of this problem,an unreasonable situation which is on one direction the traffic is jam which another dricetion is not jam is made． This is difference that automative control is inferior to manual cotr01． That according to the vehicle flow to changes swicthing time of red and green traffic light in crossroad is mainly studied in thearticle． The 5cm is used as center controller in the system． On thebase ofminimized scm system， data memory,program memory,FO interface， A／ D converter ale extended in order to have hardware circuit achieves control function． 111e successi～；ely switch ofred,green and yellow tvdmC light by time Can be cotrolled and attached function is read the seconds． All ofthese adapted LED display． On this basis， data on amount of vehicle flow is collected by sensor． By A／ D converting the collected datas a transmited to control center． analysed and pared． According to results，concrete vehicle flow will be convened into ratio of vehicle flow on both dircetion．，based on which switch time of red and green traffic lights canbe controlled． traffic efficiency can be increased． Keywords： intelligent； transportation； scm； traffic light； controller 專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ........................................................................................................... 1 選題依據(jù)和背景 ......................................................................................... 1 智能交通燈研究的意義 ............................................................................. 1 第 2 章 交通燈智能控制系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................... 3 信號(hào)燈基本情況 ......................................................................................... 3 交通信號(hào)控制的基本參數(shù) ........................................................................ 3 城市道路平面交叉路口的類型 ................................................................ 4 交通信號(hào)的控制類型 ................................................................................. 4 交通流信息的檢測(cè)方法 ............................................................................. 4 2． 6 單交叉路口多相位交通信號(hào)的控制方案 .............................................. 5 第 3 章 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................. 7 本系統(tǒng)電路 的組成和原理 ......................................................................... 7 信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換部分的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 8 控制部分的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 11 3． 4 顯示部分的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 17 3． 5 電源部分的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 19 3． 6 控制器的延時(shí)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 20 3． 7 看門狗技術(shù)和掉電保護(hù)在系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ............................................ 23 第 4 章 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 26 系統(tǒng)軟件總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 26 車流量采樣程序設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................... 26 單元程序塊的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 28 第五章 總 結(jié) ......................................................................................................... 35 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................. 36 致 謝 ....................................................................................................................... 37 ?？粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 第 1 章 緒 論 選題依據(jù)和背景 隨著城市化速度的加快，機(jī)動(dòng)車日益普及，人們?cè)谫嵢∮蓹C(jī)動(dòng)車輛所帶來(lái)的巨額利潤(rùn)以及充分享受汽車巨大便利的同時(shí)，也越來(lái)越受到交通擁堵、交通事故頻發(fā)、環(huán)境污染加劇和燃油損耗上升所帶來(lái)的困擾。根據(jù)比值轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì) 紅綠燈時(shí)間的控制。 均采用 LED 顯示器。本論文主要對(duì)十 字路口交通燈可根據(jù)車流量的大小而改變紅綠燈的時(shí)長(zhǎng)加以研究。這是目前城市交通亟待解決的問(wèn)題。而 城市道路中交通擁堵有多方面的原因：車輛多，道路少；道路設(shè)置不合理； 平面交通多，立體交通少：交叉路口交通燈時(shí)間設(shè)置不合理等等。隨著城市 化速度的加快，機(jī)動(dòng)車日益普及，人們受到越來(lái)越多的交通擁堵的困擾。主要是由于車流量 大，等燈時(shí)間不合理造成的。因?yàn)?，如果東西和南北兩方向車流量相差很大， 而信號(hào)燈還是平均分配導(dǎo)通時(shí)間，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問(wèn)題：車多的方向?qū)〞r(shí) 間不足，而車少的方向?qū)〞r(shí)間剩余，造成一方向車擠另一方向車松的不合 理的局面，這就是機(jī)器自動(dòng)控制不如人工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮的差別。該系統(tǒng)可控制紅、綠、黃燈按時(shí)間依次變換，并有倒讀秒功能。根據(jù)比較的 結(jié)果，將具體的車流量轉(zhuǎn)換成兩相位車流量大小的比值。 關(guān)鍵詞： 智能交通；單片機(jī)；交通燈；控制器 專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II Abstract The intelligent control of traffic light is a branch in ITS of intelligenttransportation system． As the accelerating of urbanization,motor vehicle is popularized day and day,there is apuzzles to people by traffic jam which is more and more serious． But there ale many reasons for jam ofurban tramcmore automobiles，fewer roads， unsuitable arrangement ofroads， more plane traffic， fewer stereo trafficunsuitable arrangement on time of tramc light in crossroad, etc． Plane tVd 伍 C takes up a great proportion of urban traffic． The place where jamoccuredfrequently iS crossroad． This is resulted frommore vehicle flow and unreasonable time ofwaitting traffic light． This is qproblem needed to be solved in urban tlafnc． Although,the control of ti39。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技都很發(fā)達(dá)的美國(guó)，每年因?yàn)榻煌▎?wèn)題導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失也高達(dá) 2370 億美元，而美國(guó)交通事故約有一半發(fā)生在交叉口。然而修建路橋的巨額資金和城市有限空間的嚴(yán)格限制，使這一有效的方法大打折扣。智能交通燈的應(yīng)用是解決智能交通系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵之一 。城市交通問(wèn)題困擾城市發(fā)展、制約城市經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的重要因素，人們對(duì)交通有效控制的意識(shí)越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈 。單交叉口擔(dān)負(fù)著線控、面控控制方案的落實(shí)。