【正文】 .................................................................. 4 3 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的現(xiàn)狀及分析 .................................................................................... 5 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)整車(chē)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 5 汽車(chē)產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量增長(zhǎng)迅猛 .................................................................................................. 5 整車(chē)出口高速增長(zhǎng) ...................................................................................................... 5 中國(guó)汽車(chē)整車(chē)業(yè)存在的問(wèn)題 ....................................................................................... 6 中國(guó)汽車(chē)零部件業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 6 中國(guó)汽車(chē)零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)取得突破性進(jìn)展 ...................................................................... 6 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)零部件產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題 .............................................................................. 8 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 9 國(guó)產(chǎn)各區(qū)域汽車(chē)業(yè)集群現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 10 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)業(yè)集群存在的問(wèn)題 .................................................................................... 12 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的國(guó)際比較 ................................................................................... 12 對(duì)日本汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分析 .................................................................................... 12 中國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的分析 ........................................................................................ 14 4 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力低的原因 .......................................................................................... 15 自主開(kāi)發(fā)能力差 ............................................................................................................ 15 相關(guān) 產(chǎn)業(yè)落后 ............................................................................................................... 16 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部發(fā)展不均衡 ................................................................................................... 16 汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售模式不成熟 ................................................................................................... 16 需求開(kāi)發(fā)不足 ............................................................................................................... 17 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理 ........................................................................................................ 17 2 產(chǎn)品價(jià)格過(guò)高 ............................................................................................................ 17 派生需求產(chǎn)品如油價(jià)居高不下 ................................................................................ 17 汽車(chē)零部件質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性差 ........................................................................................... 17 5 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車(chē)業(yè)提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的對(duì)策 ...................................................................................... 18 有效利用 WTO 的有關(guān)規(guī)則，提高自我保護(hù)能力 .................................................... 18 利用世貿(mào)組織制定的“例外條款”保護(hù)自己 ........................................................ 18 利用 WTO 對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家制定的一系列優(yōu)惠待遇新原則來(lái)保護(hù)自己 ................. 19 借鑒其他成員國(guó)的做法保護(hù)自己 ............................................................................ 19 大力增強(qiáng)科研力量，建立自己的汽車(chē)品牌 ............................................................... 20 實(shí)施人才戰(zhàn)略，培養(yǎng)和留住一支高素質(zhì)的人才隊(duì)伍 ............................................ 20 增強(qiáng)科研力量，推進(jìn)研發(fā)體制改革 ........................................................................ 21 處理好自主開(kāi)發(fā)與引進(jìn)技術(shù)的關(guān)系，建立自己的汽車(chē)品牌 ................................ 21 提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和企業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)水平 ....................................................................... 23 發(fā) 揮資本紐帶作用，促進(jìn)企業(yè)的股份制改造 ........................................................ 23 對(duì)民間資本解除進(jìn)入規(guī)制 ........................................................................................ 24 承擔(dān)起企業(yè)分離出的社會(huì)職能，切實(shí)減輕汽車(chē)企業(yè)的社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān) ........................ 24 提高企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率，降低成本 ................................................................................... 24 建立高效、完善的現(xiàn)代化汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)售流通體系 ........................................................... 25 借鑒國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)．建立以私人用車(chē)為主的現(xiàn)代化汽車(chē)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)體系 ............................ 25 培育和發(fā)展二手車(chē)市場(chǎng) ............................................................................................ 25 大力發(fā)展我國(guó)汽車(chē)租賃業(yè) ........................................................................................ 26 適當(dāng)開(kāi)放汽車(chē)服務(wù)貿(mào)易市場(chǎng) .................................................................................... 26 積極培育汽車(chē)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)，擴(kuò)大汽車(chē)需求 ................................................................... 27 充分調(diào)研，制定和頒布相關(guān)法律 ............................................................................ 27 科學(xué)收稅，促進(jìn)汽車(chē)技術(shù)進(jìn)步 ................................................................................ 28 整頓汽車(chē)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)秩序，規(guī)范市場(chǎng)行為 .............................................................. 28 制定相關(guān)措施，積極推行汽車(chē)消費(fèi)貸款 ................................................................ 28 6 結(jié)束語(yǔ) .............................................................................................................................. 28 參考文獻(xiàn) .............................................................................................................................. 29 致 謝 .............................................................................................................................. 30 1 1 引言 汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)具有集中度高、關(guān)聯(lián)性強(qiáng)、價(jià)值鏈長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)。s auto output in 2020 was 18,260,000, an increase of 32% of the world % of total automobile output that year, the second consecutive year to maintain the status of the first automobile manufacturing country. Although China39。在此背景下，本文從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基本理論出發(fā)，結(jié)合我國(guó)汽車(chē)整車(chē)業(yè)、汽車(chē)零部件業(yè)、汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群等方面的現(xiàn)狀，與汽車(chē)業(yè)先進(jìn)國(guó)家進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，對(duì)我國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力狀況做了相對(duì) 客觀的評(píng)價(jià)并提出了一系列提高我國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的措施。同時(shí)， 統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示， 2020 年我國(guó) 汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量為 1826 萬(wàn)輛，比上年增長(zhǎng) 32％，占全球當(dāng)年汽車(chē)總產(chǎn)量的 ％ ， 連續(xù)第二年保持第一汽車(chē)制造大國(guó)的地位 。2020年，我國(guó)汽車(chē)?yán)塾?jì)生產(chǎn) 1300 萬(wàn)輛， 同比增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)歷年最高 ， 使我國(guó)成為世界第一汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)國(guó) 。汽車(chē)企業(yè)相互之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)仍然局限在低成本、低價(jià)格的層面，缺乏創(chuàng)新技術(shù)和自主品牌。s automobile production and the consumer. Meanwhile, statistics show that China39。s automobile industry, the a