【正文】 ection of the Handbook provides remended good practices for service station operators, specifically in the areas of: 手冊(cè)的這部分內(nèi)容提供了加油站運(yùn)作上在以下方面所要推薦的操作方式： ? Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with new service station construction 了解由于新建加油站所帶來(lái)的潛在環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Understanding the potential environmental risks associated with rebuilt service station construction 了解由于重建加油站所帶來(lái)的潛在環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn) P A R T 2 A c q u i s i t i o n 第 二 部 分 ： 加 油 站 的 收 購(gòu) 19 The JV’s policy is to install 8mm minimum single wall steel USTs and pipelines at all sites. This decision is based the cost of single wall steel UST and the JV’s experience when calibrating and pressure testing over 1,000 underground USTs as the JV tookover sites from PetroChina and BP. The JV discovered only 21 leaking USTs, which the JV quickly repaired and minimized the probability of governmental authorities imposing fines or taking enforcement actions. Since many different station operators probably intended to sell the site after construction installed the Underground Storage Tanks, a higher leak incidence rate was anticipated. We can impact the environment during the construction phase. 合資公司在這個(gè)方面的制度是要在所有加油站安裝至少為 8 毫米的單壁鋼制的儲(chǔ)油罐和輸油管道。 18 Should the results of the Phase 1 site assessment indicate that the site might have been impacted by previous operations, a Phase 2 subsurface investigation might be appropriate. The purpose of these investigations is to assist in determining the extent of any subsurface impacts. 加油站評(píng)估第一階段的結(jié)果顯示了加油站有可能在上一期運(yùn)作中所受到的污染， 那么，我們還要進(jìn)行第二階段的地表調(diào)查。不過(guò)，合資公司應(yīng)該識(shí)別并了解這些存在的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在收購(gòu)之前就了解所需要的費(fèi)用，把它作為其它上也考慮的因素之一。 amp。 i n c o rp o ra t e P r e v e n t i o n c a p a b i l i t y i n t o d e s i g n amp。使用周期管理是指對(duì)于每一個(gè)計(jì)劃方案或者設(shè)備資產(chǎn)在每個(gè)階段的計(jì)劃，指引，照管，使用和 職能。 8 Environmental Lifecycle Management is key to preventing environmental liabilities. Lifecycle management is the planning, guidance, care, conduct and stewardship provided during each phase of the lifecycle of a project or facility asset. 環(huán)境的使用周期管理是避免環(huán)境問(wèn)題責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵。沙?；静荒茏韪魸B露油品的流動(dòng)，使?jié)B漏油品直接下滲并進(jìn)入地下水。 Tanks must pass a visual inspect 儲(chǔ)油罐必須進(jìn)行目測(cè) Tanks must be wrapped with three layers of paint and two layers of cloth with resin 儲(chǔ)油罐必須用三層油漆，兩層含有樹脂的布料進(jìn)行包裹 When tanks are replaced, JV minimum tank thickness for new tanks is 810 cm. 儲(chǔ)油罐更換后，合資公司對(duì)新油罐的厚度的最低要求是 810厘米 4. Soil types impact the environmental cleanup of spilled products 當(dāng)油品泄露時(shí)土壤類型對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的影響 The best soils to minimize the spread of spilled petroleum products are impermeable rock and clays, followed by loose soils and sand. When product is spilled into impermeable rock formations, the product is effectively contained until it naturally attenuates (breaks down) or is cleaned up. Clay soils tend to contain product by not allowing the product to dissipate by moving to adjoining properties or entering the water table. Loose soils tend to absorb product like a sponge and will allow the product to migrate both sideways and down to the water table. Sand has very little resistance to control the product flow and will allow the product to go straight down and enter the water table. 能使?jié)B露的油品的流失盡量控制在最小范圍的最佳土質(zhì)是不可滲透的石頭和粘土 , 其次是疏松的土壤和沙粒。第二，中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了地下儲(chǔ)油罐必須采用樹脂密封劑的涂層來(lái)防止泄漏。當(dāng)時(shí)，合資公司迅速地采取措施，對(duì)這些儲(chǔ)油罐進(jìn)行維修，最大程度上減低了政府部門在這個(gè)方面的罰款和采取進(jìn)一步的強(qiáng)制措施。（備注：因?yàn)橛玫厥遣粩喔倪M(jìn)的，此技巧對(duì)土地出讓的交易很有用。 ? Check for receptors sensitive to petroleum contamination 檢查媒介對(duì)油氣污染的敏感程度。 ? Check the existing operator’s books for product losses 查看當(dāng)前經(jīng)營(yíng)者的賬本，看看產(chǎn)品的損耗情況。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)第一的決策技巧將會(huì)運(yùn)用到評(píng)估油氣污染的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，油氣泄漏事故及其清理工作方面上。 The previous owner does not have to actively remediate the site, so long as the site is in pliance with local environmental regulations and that authorities have not mandated the installation of an active remediation system. The JV will be responsible for it’s own environmental releases. However, the JV intends to use passive remediation (natural attenuation) methods, provided that there are no threats to the local munity. 只要加油站符合當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán) 境方面的法規(guī)，沒(méi)有受到當(dāng)?shù)匦姓C(jī)構(gòu)要求其強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行任何措施的要求，加油站的原業(yè)主就不一定要主動(dòng)地去治理加油站。 Environment. 加油站的生命周期管理是一門哲學(xué)，它是資產(chǎn)，運(yùn)作，配送，財(cái)務(wù)，健康，安全和環(huán)境方面的技巧和運(yùn)作的一個(gè)整體。合資公司意識(shí)到在進(jìn)行加油站運(yùn)作（包括加油站的收購(gòu)，建立，運(yùn)作直到最后將加油站轉(zhuǎn)讓出去的整個(gè)過(guò)程）的同時(shí)，必須要對(duì)環(huán)境管理負(fù)起責(zé)任。 technology is only part of the solution. 我們定能作出改善，技術(shù)只是解決問(wèn)題的一部分。 ? Early identification of leaks and spills is important in reducing the size of the problem and the cost of the clean up. P r e f a c e 前 言 Understanding the Need for Prevention 了了 解解 預(yù)預(yù) 防防 措措 施施 的的 必必 要要 3 及時(shí)盡早地知道滲漏事故是減少問(wèn)題的影響范圍以及降低清理費(fèi)用的關(guān)鍵。 can be a petitive disadvantage in the petroleumretailing marketplace. 要進(jìn)行環(huán)境清理的代價(jià)，對(duì)于石油產(chǎn)品的零售業(yè)務(wù)來(lái)說(shuō)是極大 不利的。美國(guó) 所公布的消息顯示： ? Spills and leaks have resulted in impacts to the environment at over 10, 000 service stations over the past 10 years. 在過(guò)去的十年里，超過(guò)一萬(wàn)家加油站的油氣泄漏事件對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響。一旦石油產(chǎn)品污染了環(huán)境，它們就會(huì)對(duì)人類的健康和安全造成威脅，這時(shí)候，我們必須要小心處理，而不至于導(dǎo)致更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。 其實(shí)，很多的泄漏事故是由于缺乏環(huán)境方面的知識(shí)和技術(shù)，還有的是因?yàn)椴僮鞴芾矸矫娴牟蛔?。除此之外，還會(huì)影響公眾對(duì)合資公司商業(yè)運(yùn)作的印象。 ? The costs of environmental clean up。 The BPPC JV’s focus on Prevention is based on the following beliefs: 中油 BP 合資公司在防治工作上出發(fā)點(diǎn)主要有以下幾個(gè)方面： ? Preventing spills is the key to reducing future environmental liabilities and cleanup costs. 防止油氣滲漏是減少將來(lái)環(huán)境問(wèn)題和清理費(fèi)用的關(guān)鍵。 ? People make the difference。在收購(gòu)加油站之前，合資公司會(huì)對(duì)加油站的 地下情況現(xiàn)狀（包括土壤和地下水的情況）進(jìn)行? The BPPC JV’s (JV) environmental policy is based on Service Station Life Cycle Management and full pliance with local laws and regulations. The JV recognizes the accountabilities for controlling environmental costs while operating (from the acquisition, constru