【正文】 place to call his own. Middleborns just seem to be easily overlooked, and maybe that39。s understanding of foreigners, the woman tourist is able to invade many of the male places that are prohibited to Italian women. These places include the caffe and the wine shop. In the large cities the caffe is a bination of club and office. Here, for the price of a coffee, an Italian can read all the newspapers brought to him. And he can transact business, with the waiter producing pen, ink, and stamps as needed. Or if he wants, he can sit outside under a canvas covering before the door and enjoy the sight of beautiful women passing by. The wine shop, as a rule, is a more vigorous place than the caffe, and is filled almost exclusively with men. Wandering singers, generally in groups of two or three, add to the noise of these places with their songs and music. Many of the songs are of a political character and make fun of the leading statesmen of Italy, America, England, France, and Russia. But the songs are generally showing off a spirit of mischief. And when the criticism is about America, the American tourists find themselves laughing as much as anyone else. The Italian is a master at making fun of you and making you like it. The Italian men are deeprooted gamblers. They have been brought up to it as children, but they are cautious gamblers and never go too much in it. The national lottery used to be one of the most popular forms of gambling. But later a football stake had taken away much of the interest in the lottery. But here the important thing is that gambling, the same as drinking, seldom goes to an Italian39。s fresh evidence quantifying just how hazardous the afterburn from cigarettes can be, and how quickly it affects your body. Scientists at the Oregon Department of Health documented for the first time an hourly buildup of a cancercausing pound from cigarette smoke in the blood of nonsmokers working in bars and restaurants in the state. Reporting in the American Journal of Public Health, the researchers found that waitstaff and bartenders working a typical night shift gradually accumulated higher levels of NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke, at the rate of 6% each hour they worked. NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers. We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase, says Michael Stark, the lead author of the study and a principal investigator at the Mulmomah County Health Department in Oregon. The authors are confident that the increases in NNK in the workers they tested most likely came from their exposure to smoke— the study included a control group of similar subjects in restaurants where no smoking was allowed. There is experimental evidence from studies where you put nonsmokers in a room, blow smoke into the room and measure their artery function, that you see the platelets get sticky, which can cause clots and lead to a heart attack, and the ability of the arteries to dilate decreases very rapidly, says Dr. Matthew McKenna, director of the office on smoking and public health for the Centers for Disease Control. All of which could mean more time loitering outside buildings and in alleyways for smokers intent on grabbing a puff. Thirteen states now prohibit smoking in restaurants altogether (most of these include bars as well) , and while 11 states still put no restrictions on lighting up, individual cities within those states— such as Austin in Texas, for example— have passed legislation banning smoking in eating establishments and other public areas. It39。 York City 2. (C) Leeds United 1。t feel any progress in learning. (B) A flat and smooth spot in your study where you make fewer mistakes. (C) A longterm struggle which does not bring you any tangible rewards. (D) An educational research on language learning that is unusual and advanced. 16.(A) Try another approach. (B) Give yourself some time for sleeping. (C) Keep on learning and practicing. (D) Reward yourself from time to time. 17.(A) A foreign language is very useful in getting a job with decent pay. (B) We use a foreign language to municate freely with a native speaker. (C) It may be of help in negotiating a business contract with a foreign firm. (D) We can travel around different countries in a less expensive way. 18.(A) Some cash. (B) Language skills. (C) A stained certificate. (D) A business contract. Questions 1922 19.(A) Five years. (B) Fifteen years. (C) Fifty years. (D) A hundred years. 20.(A) To study a subject or to join in a cultural activity. (B) To bee a member of the government appointed by the parliament. (C) To demand more financial support from the government. (D) To upgrade their knowledge at school. 21.(A) 200,000. (B) 350,000. (C) 2,500,000. (D) 15,000,000. 22.(A) To raise funds for the disadvantaged. (B) To further individuals39。t like her colleague. (C) Miss Allan prefers to share the room with her colleague. (D) Miss Allan has moved into a new apartment. 2.(A) My friends try to persuade me to invest in the stock market. (B) My friends talk a lot about investing in the stock market. (C) My friends say that investing in the stock market is crazy. (D) My friends and I have different opinions about the stock market. 3.(A) The candidate is definitely well qualified, whether we check with his references or not. (B) The candidate needs to be checked by the finance manager, even though he has work experience. (C) We are satisfied with the candidate39。 means you have help ________ (4), the student services staff at regional centres, and centralised areas such as ________ (5). You can also contact other students through tutorials and ________ (6), the University39。 (1). The phrase 39。________39。Supported39。 so you m