【正文】 is still in the embryonic stage in the economical relative backwardness west multinational area. Based on the experience from predecessors, this article bines theory with empirical evidence, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, case analysis and system analysis， and takes Xi’an as the example, making an overall analysis of the feasibility of the Reverse Mortgage. The paper ultimately concludes that the western area has possessed the fundamental functions of the houseforpension scheme, which can realize the profit for financial institutions and security of old people in such a winwin situation. Simultaneously, we analyze necessity and feasibility of establishing new model， and the possible resistance in the process as well as put up with some policy proposals. Key words: HouseforPension Scheme Reverse Mortgage Feasibility 第 3 頁(yè) 共 40 頁(yè) 引言 .......................................................................................................................... 4 概念提出 ............................................................................................................ 4 選題背景 ............................................................................................................ 4 中國(guó)面臨老齡化危機(jī) ................................................................................ 4 居民普遍忽視個(gè)人理財(cái) ............................................................................. 4 以房養(yǎng)老在國(guó)外的成功 ............................................................................. 4 研究目的及意義 ................................................................................................. 5 研究方法和預(yù)期結(jié)果 .......................................................................................... 5 2．國(guó)內(nèi)外研究成果 ........................................................................................................ 6 國(guó)外研究成果 ..................................................................................................... 6 國(guó)內(nèi)研究成果 .................................................................................................... 8 ....................................................................................................................10 人口因素 ........................................................................................................... 11 現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老方式存在不足 ......................................................................................14 社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) ——即養(yǎng)老金、退休金 .......................................................14 子女養(yǎng)老 .................................................................................................16 儲(chǔ)蓄 ........................................................................................................17 經(jīng)濟(jì)因素 ...........................................................................................................19 居民生活成本上升 ...................................................................................19 房地產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展相對(duì)成熟 ............................................................................20 金融機(jī)構(gòu)成熟 ..........................................................................................21 政策支持 .................................................................................................23 可能產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題 ......................................................................................25 .................................................................................................................27 “以房養(yǎng)老 ”領(lǐng)域的開(kāi)拓者美國(guó) ............................................................................27 首創(chuàng) “逆向年金 ”：英國(guó) ......................................................................................27 東南亞成功的典范：新加坡 ...............................................................................28 以房養(yǎng)老在中國(guó) ................................................................................................28 5．?dāng)?shù)理論證 .................................................................................................................29 對(duì)于 “以房養(yǎng)老 “參與者個(gè)人 ...............................................................................31 對(duì)于銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu) .........................................................................................31 6．政策建議與結(jié)論 .......................................................................................................33 政策建議 ...........................................................................................................33 加強(qiáng)輿論宣傳，推進(jìn)觀念接受 .................................................................33 結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，進(jìn)行 本土化改造 ..............................................................33 推出政策鼓勵(lì)，吸引多方參與 .................................................................33 完善法律機(jī)制，變障礙為保障 .................................................................34 結(jié)論 ..................................................................................................................34 參考文獻(xiàn) : .....................................................................................................................35 附錄 A ...........................................................................................................................38 附錄 B ...........................................................................................................................40 第 4 頁(yè) 共 40 頁(yè) 引言 概念 提出 以房養(yǎng)老，也被稱(chēng)為 “住房反向抵押貸款 ”或者 “倒按揭 ”。在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展略落后的西部地區(qū)，以房養(yǎng)老模式的施行仍然處于孕育和萌芽階段。探索更好的養(yǎng)老模式，解決養(yǎng)老難題迫在眉睫。未富先老嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)了我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在我國(guó)，該模式經(jīng)過(guò)充分的理論驗(yàn)證已經(jīng)在北京，上海和廣州等多個(gè)城市進(jìn)行了試點(diǎn)，并且積累了寶貴的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。對(duì)于推行該模式中可能遇到的阻力，本文也從宏觀環(huán)境和微觀個(gè)人的角度提出了政策建議和意見(jiàn)，為以房養(yǎng)老在西部地區(qū)的順利展開(kāi)提出了自己的見(jiàn)解。鑒于以西安為代表的西部地區(qū)存在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展落后、人均收入較低、養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展落后、居民個(gè)人理財(cái)意識(shí)淡薄以及城市居民普遍擁有房產(chǎn)的特征，我們通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，認(rèn)為 “以房養(yǎng)老 ”在西安具有可行性，并從政府的角度提出了相關(guān)的建議措施。 居民普遍忽視個(gè)人理財(cái) 由于商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的不發(fā)達(dá)，中國(guó) 的大部分民眾沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò) 金融知識(shí)，雖然有很高的智商、情商，但缺乏 “財(cái)商 ”，不懂得如何識(shí)別財(cái)富資源，也沒(méi)有很好的投資意識(shí)。 鑒于國(guó)外的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，中國(guó)政府用 “以房養(yǎng)老 ”在部分沿海城市進(jìn)行了試點(diǎn)，取得了階段性成果。本文針對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，為沒(méi)有足夠的養(yǎng)老金但擁有房產(chǎn)的老年人提出新的收入渠道，并 且提出了切實(shí)可行的應(yīng)