【正文】
transportation fees paid for input VAT of small and mediumsized enterprises, and to promote the innovation plays an important role of intangible assets not give deduction input tax, dampened enthusiasm of technological innovation of small and mediumsized enterprises. Three, perfecting the VAT reform, promote the development of small and mediumsized enterprises (1) to increase small business VAT support. Small enterprises are small, profit is 5 low, the taxation is very sensitive, for these enterprises implement the policy of tax reduction or exemption can effectively promote their development. At present to small business tax preferential tax mainly reflects in enterprise ine tax, small enterprise profit, the small enterprise ine tax preferential no matter how the efforts, their help is limited, and for them of VAT preferential policy meaning more. Therefore, the author suggest to VAT smallscale taxpayers subject to exemption policy to reduce the tax burden on small businesses. (2) the startups of VAT preferential policies to improve survival startups. Development of small and mediumsized enterprises should increase the survival rate of startups, and value added tax is China39。 2 it is intangible assets to promote small and mediumsized enterprise innovation, tax policy is important for enterprise purchase should reflect the support of intangible assets. Since transportation cost, can calculate the VAT on purchase buckle 7 % of enterprise purchase, then the intangible asset deduct the proportion of VAT on purchase may be considered as a 10 %. 6 試析增值稅改革對(duì)中小企業(yè)的影響 摘要 增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型對(duì)中小型企業(yè)發(fā)展具有減輕稅收負(fù)擔(dān)、創(chuàng)造公平稅收環(huán)境等積極影響 。此次增值稅轉(zhuǎn)型在一定程度上改善了中小型企業(yè)的稅收環(huán)境 , 對(duì)身處逆境的眾多中小型企業(yè)的 發(fā)展具有積極影響。根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè) , 這項(xiàng)改革一定程度上減輕了企業(yè)的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。 (二 ) 為小型企業(yè)創(chuàng)造了公平稅收環(huán)境。新增值稅條例克服了原增值稅條例對(duì)小規(guī)模納稅人的不公平待遇,能同時(shí)兼顧一般納稅人和小規(guī)模納稅人的利益,在允許抵扣一般納稅人購(gòu)進(jìn)固定資產(chǎn)進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額的同時(shí)大幅度調(diào)低了小規(guī)模納稅人的征收率,為小型企業(yè)創(chuàng)造了公平的稅收環(huán)境。同時(shí),由于消費(fèi)型增值稅的實(shí)施意 味著購(gòu)進(jìn)的設(shè)備越先進(jìn)、價(jià)格越高,其可抵扣的進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅金越多、應(yīng)納稅額越少 ,因而可鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)設(shè)備更新和技術(shù)升級(jí)。勞動(dòng)密集型的中小型企業(yè)由于固定資產(chǎn)的比例低 ,可抵扣的進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅金少 ,繳納稅金多 ,負(fù)擔(dān)重 ,減稅效果不明顯。因此 ,對(duì)于小型企業(yè)來說 ,實(shí)行增值稅及相關(guān)稅費(fèi)的優(yōu)惠政策更有必要 ,企業(yè)獲益更大。以增值稅為例 ,無論是新增值稅條例還是原增值稅條例 ,均未對(duì)初創(chuàng)中小型企業(yè)制定有優(yōu)惠政策。 三、完善增值稅改革 ,促進(jìn)中小型企業(yè)發(fā)展 (一 ) 加大對(duì)小型企業(yè)的增值稅支持力度。 (二 ) 對(duì)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)實(shí)行增值稅優(yōu)惠政策 ,提高初創(chuàng)企業(yè)存活率。 目前增值稅納稅人接受繳納營(yíng)業(yè)稅的業(yè)務(wù)時(shí) , 能抵扣進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額的只有運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù) , 除此之外 , 增值稅納稅人接受繳納營(yíng)業(yè)稅的其他業(yè)務(wù)均不能抵扣進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅 金。 。理由有二 :一是目前轉(zhuǎn)讓無形資產(chǎn)的營(yíng)業(yè)稅率為 5 % , 高于交通運(yùn)輸業(yè) 3 %的營(yíng)業(yè)稅稅率 , 意味著企業(yè)購(gòu)進(jìn)無形資產(chǎn)所負(fù)擔(dān)稅金要高于運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用的稅金 , 因而其抵扣率也應(yīng)高于運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用的抵扣率 ; 二是無形資產(chǎn)對(duì)促進(jìn)中小型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新有重要作用 , 稅收政策應(yīng)體現(xiàn)對(duì)企業(yè)購(gòu)進(jìn)無形資產(chǎn)的支持。具體措施可根據(jù)納稅人的類型確定 :一是對(duì)屬于小規(guī)模納稅人的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)實(shí)行免稅政策 ;二是對(duì)屬于一般納稅人的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)實(shí)行退稅政策 , 以保證增值稅抵扣鏈條的完整 , 退稅比例可通過測(cè)算財(cái)政承受能力后確定。目前稅法對(duì)小型企業(yè)的稅收優(yōu)惠主要體現(xiàn)在企業(yè)所得稅上 , 小型企業(yè)利潤(rùn)微薄 , 其企業(yè)所得稅上的優(yōu)惠不管力度多大 , 對(duì)它們的幫助都是有限的 , 而對(duì)它們實(shí)行增值稅優(yōu)惠政策意義更大。 (三 ) 不利于鼓勵(lì)中小型企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 創(chuàng)新是稅收政策的支持重點(diǎn) ,在企業(yè)所得稅、增值稅、營(yíng)業(yè)稅中有多項(xiàng)激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的政策對(duì)鼓勵(lì)中小型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)揮了積極作用。由于多方面原因 ,和其他國(guó)家相比 ,我國(guó)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的關(guān)閉比重較高 ,生存處境較艱難。盡管新增值稅條例大幅度降低小規(guī)模納稅人的征收率 ,但也只是改變了原條例過分偏向一般納稅人的不公平狀況 ,小型企業(yè)并未享受到更為優(yōu)惠的增值稅稅收政策。 (一 ) 對(duì)中小型企