【正文】 sufficient to counteract the dynamic reaction of the conveyor and as a result, a certain degree of overspeed can be noted in the initial stages of the start up. Despite the mentioned problems, it may be stated that the results of the velocity ramp start up are significantly better than can be expected from a discrete type of control operation. Further tests, utilizing different velocity curves and/or refined tuning of the control constants may produce better results. The overall results are acceptable. However, it can be noted that the performance of tail end drive is somewhat better than that at the head end. For each drive it is possible to notice a period of increased oscillations of torque/tensions between the period of 12 and 22 seconds in the startup. Once again by adjusting settings and/or the length of the duty cycle, the results can improve. 3. Conclusions Based on the results of simulations the following conclusions can be made: — The objectives which were set for the control concept of the solenoid valve have been achieved to a large extent. It was possible to convert the discrete action of the valve into a precise, continuous output. — The new system allows the application of the solenoid valve for velocity based starting strategy. However, control may not be as precise as for a torque based strategy, specifically during initial stages of the startup. — Care must be taken in fine tuning of the control parameters. Simulation results have shown that badly selected control parameters may lead to poor performance results. — As was shown, the concept may be applied both to very long and medium length conveyors. Existence of the tail drive is not a restriction for the application. However, only torque based starting strategy has been tested in this case. — PIDcontrol is a classic control technique which is widely applied in the process industry and which has provided good solutions to diverse control problems, provided that it is welltuned References [1] CTREBSKI, M.: Torque control using drain fluid coupling。 2）新系統(tǒng)允許 電磁閥的應用可根據(jù)原策略的速度，然而，對于扭矩來說控制可能不精確，尤其在開始啟動階段。 進一步測試 , 運用不同的速度曲線或者控制常數(shù)能得到更好的結(jié)果。 輸送機動態(tài)模型的結(jié)果 ，在開始階段描繪的圖的坡度大，尤其在泵剛工作的前 6秒之間。這樣可以進一步探索啟動階段速度。有關系統(tǒng)和輸送機的詳細的信息可能都來自 [9]。最大工作循環(huán) (tmax)的最佳值要根據(jù)指定的標準或動態(tài)模仿實驗經(jīng)反復試驗確定。 雖然閥門只能關起 , 但如果通過控制開關開啟、停滯時間的線性地變化的閥來控制開關是可能的。在控制器的性能上這些常數(shù)的每個作用用史密斯描述了 [3], 被總結(jié)如下 [7]： Kc 值小產(chǎn)生超載現(xiàn)象但穩(wěn)定性好 , 但當 Kc 值大時減少超載現(xiàn)象但增加設備循環(huán)。 數(shù)字 n 是當前的測量誤差 , n 1是早先測量， n 2是 n1的前一個。 電磁閥和液體偶合器組合應用 PID控制技術(shù)。盡管所有成功例子 , 許多典型的技術(shù) , 譬如比例 積分 導數(shù) (PID)控制。 2 背景知識 經(jīng)過一段時間研究，我們采用控制參量調(diào)整分離開關實現(xiàn)連續(xù)控制，在電子學和農(nóng)業(yè)領域執(zhí)行試驗并且在區(qū)域內(nèi)通過遞 象開關方式實施系統(tǒng)。上部和下部的扭矩極限依照具體要求確定。但是 , 最初的高期望未被履行 , 主要由于缺乏對控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)結(jié)的限制的理解的一些應用。中文 2467字 附錄 A 譯文 改善電磁閥和液力偶合器 的控制 摘要 本文針對一個電磁閥連接的液力偶合器的操作法，是一種新、改善的控制方法。液力偶合器能通過各種各樣的方式完成它的性能 [1]，并且對工程師來說是扣人心弦工作，因為唯一的限制也許是某人的假想。 在多數(shù)場合這個技術(shù)是滿足的 , 然而 , 有不希望的副作用的源頭譬如那些與所謂的“抨擊”控制技術(shù)相關的。 PUTTER 和 Gouws[2]方法，保持相互依賴的參量是可能的，譬如在溫室里使用通過風扇、加熱器和噴水隆頭的分離行動使溫度和濕氣保持平衡。 PID控制比智能控制技術(shù) 的優(yōu)勢是少處理器容量和所需時間。通過控制閥門的開關 , 電動機 /連軸器扭矩能保持不變。測量間 的時間是重要的。 Tj 值小消除恒定值誤差 , 但導致控制設備迅速循環(huán)。公式 12， △ T被轉(zhuǎn)換成使用率 , 被定義如下： 使用率： △ T = max 100[%]ontt ?