【正文】 e fact in 4th century . that Chinese silk was exported to India and then shipped to Greece and Rome by Indian merchants. Chinese silk to India passed the northwest land Silk Road, namely the southern section of Silk Road in Western Regions, which was divided into two paths after passing Pishan and Shache. Then they were transported toward the west to Darouzhi and Bactria, then toward the southwest to Xuandu (Keli’er in Pakistan now) and Dardisthan (Kabul in Afghanistan now), toward the south to estuary of India river (Karachi in Pakistan now), and finally to Persia and Rome by ship. However, this route was long and tough. The SinoIndia trade on this route was not frequent. “Although cities on the route favored the market, the merchant team spent several years on the way.” Untill around . 3rd 4th century, Indian merchant teams chosen another tough but shorter route, which acrosses the valley of Indian River and Karakoram mountains, leading to Kashgar, Yarkand, and Wada. An Indian scholar Bagchi pointed out that: “The trade with China appeared as early as the time of Qian Zhang. Qian Zhang mentioned the trade by the Bruma Road and noticed the modities from the southwest of China, shipped by Indian merchants.” The fact was that Qian Zhang saw two things from China, the bamboo stick made in Xichang (Sichuan province now)and the flax cloth made in Sichuan, and local people said that these items were shipped by Indian merchants. It was said that these goods were shipped via the southwest Yongchang route to India. The Whole Yongchang Route included two sections: the first was the ShaanxiSichuan section from Chang’an to Chengdu, and the second was the ChengduIndia section from Chengdu to India. The first section started from Chang’an, acrossing Qinling, old road of Chencang, Baoxie road, Jinniu road, and Jiange to Chengdu. The second section started from Chengdu, acrossing Maoniu road, Qiongdu (Xichang, Sichuan province now), Jinsha River, Yongchang County (the northeast of Baoshan in Yunan province today), Nu River, Yuecheng (Luxi of Yunan province now), Biao State (in Myanmar now), and to Dhaka in India. The stick and the cloth could be transported to India via the path. I don’t think that Chinese silk had reached India via this way. And the Yongchang route was not a “silk road”. At that time, most of silk productions were made in Hebei and Shandong province, then converged in the Capital Chang’an. The stick and the cloth what Qian Zhang saw in Bactria were made in Sichuang where did not need via the first section of Yongchang route. Silk were in Chang’an, it is impossible to be transported via the first section of Yongchang route. In Eastern Han Dynasty, untill Yongping 12th year (AD 69) the Emperor set up Yongchang County, the ShaanxiSichuan section could be connect with the ChengduIndia section. But, just as we know, the first section of Yongchang route is the most difficult road in the world. A great poet of Tang Dynasty, Bai Li (AD 701762), described the road in his poem: “What heights! It is easier to climb Heaven than take the Sichuan Road” So, in the era of Qian Zhang, Chinese silk could never be transported to India from southwest of China, and then to Rome from India. We say that before and long after Qian Zhang’s mission to Western Regions, Chinese silk was not transported via land roads to India. As some evidences we found from the documents of the Han history books that the Han royal envoys had taken gold and silk to countries near the south sea by the coast. At that time, harbors in the south of India were places for gathering and distributing silk and other modities from China. After arriving at these harbors, silk would be shipped to Rome by Indian merchants through the Red Sea. Therefore, sea routes were the main ways for Chinese silk passing through India, then to Rome. Middleman India was one of the transit countries in sea silk trade. Then who was the land middle man in the trade? It was sure that the Huns dominated the north regions of Tianshan Mountains during the period of Western Dynasty, there was no way for traders passing Yiwu (Hami, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region now). The south route of northwest land Silk Road was the only way for traders from Western Han Dynasty to Western Regions. Kroraina (Loulan) became the main transfer station for silk trade. Chinese silk was transported from Kroraina to Persia, then to Rome. When the vice envoy of Qian Zhang brought envoys of Dayuan, Kangju, Darouzhi, Bactria, Anxi, Sindhu, Khotan, and Wuni back to Chang’an, these regions began to directly exchange products with Han Dynasty. Afterwards, they sold Chinese silk to Rome. Most middle businessmen in silk trade was from Anxi. The “History of Western Regions” in “History of PostHan Dynasty” recorded: “The King often hoped to send an envoy to Han Dynasty, but stoped by Anxi traders who wanted to monopolize Chinese silk.” Ying Gan, the envoy of Eastern Han Dynasty who shouldered on the mission to visit the Rome in AD 97, when he arrived the coast of the Caspian sea, he heared : “The sea was immense. With lucky, people could pass it in three months. If met strong wind, it could spent two year. So people took foods for three years. Sometimes people just died of a s