【正文】 terwards. (71) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (72) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (73) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (74) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those ―all rounders‖ with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, ―I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn’ t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn‘t have ended up as an interpreter, but it‘s too late now. I couldn‘t go back and begin all over again.‖ (75) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one‘s time at university. (76) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (77) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years being a specialist, emerging with a firstclass Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. (78) It therefore bees more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world. 1987 年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題 Text 1 For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 . Chinese children played with a fanlike toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a ―Helix,‖ which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested. The ancientdream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter. Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled. The helicopter has now bee an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging panies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil panies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hardtogetto place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons. 11. People expect that ________. [A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters [B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing [C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer‘s invention would bee a reality in the future [D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today 12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________. [A] a bination of rotating devices in front and on top [B] a rotating device topside [C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end [D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting 13. What is said about the development of the helicopter? [A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940. [B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters. [C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes. [D] Some people thought they would bee widely used by average individuals. 14. How has the use of helicopters developed? [A] They have been widely used for various purposes. [B] They are taking the place of highflying jets. [C] They are used for rescue work. [D] They are now used exclusively for mercial projects. 15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential? [A] For overseas passenger transportation. [B] For extremely high altitude flights. [C] For highspeed transportation. [D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft. Text 2 In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign petitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 . The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectat