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【正文】 The Geology of Moon Rocks The Story of Apollo 11 Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Functional Parallelism ? Independent tasks apply different operations to different data elements ? First and second statements ? Third and fourth statements a ? 2 b ? 3 m ? (a + b) / 2 s ? (a2 + b2) / 2 v ? s m2 Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ASCI White (10 teraops/sec) Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. After the “Shake Out” ? IBM ? HewlettPackard ? Silicon Graphics ? Sun Microsystems Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Microprocessor Revolution Micros Minis Mainframes Speed (log scale) Time Superputers Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Commercial Superputing ? Started in capitalintensive industries ?Petroleum exploration ?Automobile manufacturing ? Other panies followed suit ?Pharmaceutical design ?Consumer products Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Classical Science Nature Observation Theory Physical Experimentation Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Why Faster Computers? ? Solve puteintensive problems faster ? Make infeasible problems feasible ? Reduce design time ? Solve larger problems in same amount of time ?Improve answer’s precision ? Reduce design time ? Gain petitive advantage Copyright 169。Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Outline ? Motivation ? Modern scientific method ? Evolution of superputing ? Modern parallel puters ? Seeking concurrency ? Data clustering case study ? Programming parallel puters Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Why OpenMP? ? OpenMP an application programming interface (API) for sharedmemory systems ? Supports higher performance parallel programming of symmetrical multiprocessors Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Superputer ? Generalpurpose puter ? Solves individual problems at high speeds, pared with contemporary systems ? Typically costs $10 million or more ? Traditionally found in government labs Copyright 169。 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Systems 1 Billion Times Faster ? Processors are
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