【正文】 est and the east, there is a discrepancy in understanding the same materials. Therefore translators should adopt proper methods to adjust the version, giving priority to the understanding of translated version and helping readers apprehend the materials. 三． Tourism Language and Translation （一 ) Tourist material is a kind of practical type of writing. In addition to its practicality, knowledge and conciseness of language, it is usually descriptive. As tourist material is for the specially designated readers, the intuitive effect of language must be taken into consideration. In other words, readers can get the image while reading, their interest can be aroused. The language features will usually be found as the follows in Chinese tourist materials: (a) Metaphor, antithesis, fourcharacter phrases are normally employed. In particular fourcharacter phrases are widely preferred for its level and oblique tones, smoothness in syllable, harmony in rhyme. (b) Use of classical writing pattern so as to make language elegant and grave, adding literary grace. (c) Quotation of exquisite lines to help tourists enjoy beautiful scenery. From the illustrations above, we can perceive that the writing of tourist material in Chinese is quite different from that of Englishspeaking countries, which are relatively more frank. So 4 when dealing with flowery descriptions or hard allusions, devices like deleting and paraphrasing should be employed to make versions concise and understandable. (二 ) Besides that, Chinese characters are generally pictographic, which might lead Chinese people to be used to thinking in terms of images, while native speakers of English are used to logical thinking for their formative language. Therefore, the former, prefer using imagic dictions and metaphors to write vividly and impressively, on the contrary, the latter would rather relate facts than describe them in magnificent language. The wordbuilding in English and the pictograph in Chinese may also reflect best the different modes of thinking. For example, the character “”(梅 ) is made up of two radicals “木 ” and “每 ”. “木 ”(tree) embodies 梅 is related to trees, at the same time, 梅 has the same pronunciation as “每 ” . However, English is quite different. We can hardly find any direct relationship between the form of a word and its meaning. That is to say, the Chinese emphasizes the integrative thinking while the English emphasizes the individual thinking. So it is necessary to adjust the sentences in order to make the translated version readable, meeting their way of thinking. (三 ) Moreover, scenery in tourist material is not merely a description of natural scenery. More often than not, it permeates with the historic site, such as anecdotes, legends, and inscriptions by personages as well as classical gardens of unique architecture. To put it properly in another language is by no means an easy job. Through explanations or analogy of those Chineseunique cultures, foreign readers may find more interest in China?s culture and their motive to visit China may be raised. 5 四． Tourism Culture and Translation （一） The Definition of Culture People have various understandings about culture. Different studies have given more than 250 definitions to culture from different aspects. The widely accepted definition was given by the British scholar in 1871: “Culture is a plex integrity, which includes knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom and any other ability and habit which people obtain as the member of the society.” （二） The Features of Culture Cultures differ from one another in degrees, along several dimensions. Anthropologists have shown us that the world is divided into cultural areas. Within these areas interaction should be easier, provided that the same response is adequate. If the same situation calls for a different response, the fact that two cultures belong to the same cultural area may lead to difficulties.(Triandis 1972:347) There are three mon features typical of all culturesprehensive, dynamic and distinctive. It is first of all a prehensive system consisting of various aspects of the society in which it functions. The ponents of a culture include both material and moral, concrete and abstract, surface and deep elements, which are interdependent on one another. The lack of any one of these factors will inevitably affect the culture as a whole. Besides, a culture has some dynamic qualities, which is reflected in such term as “l(fā)earned”, “acquired”, and “knowledge”. Rather than 6 something one is born with, a culture is a set of action and behavior patterns gained through postnatal learning. Finally, a culture is also distinctive. While belonging to the world as a whole, a culture belongs even more to an individual nation. The term “culturemes” created by Vermeer may best account for this feature. According to Vermeer, “a culturemes is social phenomenon of a culture X that is regarded as relevant by members of this culture and, when pared with a corresponding social phenomenon in a culture Y, is found to be specific to culture X.” A culturespecific phenomenon, therefore, is the product of the distinctiveness of a particular culture. （三） Tourism Culture 1. The Definition of Tourism Culture Tourism belongs to the culture category, it is a part of it. Chinese culture has given birth to Chinese tourism, which in turn, has exerted influence and effect on culture. They have closely related to each other. Such relationship has found expressions in politics, economy, philosophy, religion, society, folklore, arts etc. Although they are closely related, tourism culture appearing as a term is a matter of recency. American scholar Robert Makingti and Xikent Glbert were the first to define “tourism culture” in their collaborated “