【正文】 had sizes: 71, 95, 143, 239, 287, 335, 383, 431, 455, 479 bytes. Using all the above buffers we made some measurements on the bytes that were received and transmitted to and from the base unit of the telemedicine system. Figure 8 shows the results of the bytes transmitted and received from the server unit when having a telemedicine unit connected with GSM to the server. Numbers 1 to 10 represent the size of the buffers used, 1 for the smallest (71 bytes) up to 10 for the largest (479 bytes). The mean value of the bytes transmitted/received per second was recorded for 2 minutes per case. As can be seen transmitting small packets of data cased the transmition of more bytes because of the overhead added on each buffer. The continuous transmition of small buffers also cased some problems on the munication and on the overall telemedicine unit operation。 it has a range from 2400 bps up to 64000 bps. The use of different satellite systems can increase the cost of equipment and cost of use。 thus resulting in a generation of 1000 bits/sec for one channel. Trends for SpO2, HR, NIBP, BP, Temp and monitor data are updated with a refresh rate of one per second, thus adding a small fraction of data to be transmitted approximately up to 200 bits/sec. All biosignals monitors used with the system can provide digital output of the collected signals [3638]. Image transmission Images captured by the Telemedicine unit39。 c) in cases where we do not necessarily need autonomy, portability and small system size, a Typical Pentium Desktop PC is used. The control of the Telemedicine unit is fully automatic. The only thing the telemedicine unit user has to do is connect the biosignal monitor to the patient and turn on the PC. The PC then performs the connection to the base unit automatically. Although the base unit basically controls the overall system operation, the Telemedicine unit user can also execute a number of mands. This option is useful when the system is used in a distance health center or in a ship and a conversation between the two sites takes place. b) Base Unit (or Doctor39。s site called Telemedicine unit and b) the unit located at doctor39。s site, whereas the base unit (or doctor39。 (ICU) patients at a hospital and at the same time to display all telemetry information to the petent doctors anywhere, anytime [14]. In this pattern, the responsible doctor can be informed about the patient39。s site and instruct unspecialized personnel when handling an emergency or telemonitoring case. Due to the need of storing and archiving of all data interchanged during the telemedicine sessions, we have equipped the consultation site with a multimedia database able to store and manage the data collected by the system. The performance of the system has been technically tested over several telemunication means。 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 8 Multipurpose HealthCare Telemedicine Systems with mobile munication link support E Kyriacou*1,2, S Pavlopoulos1, A Berler1, M Neophytou1, A Bourka1, A Georgoulas1, A Anagnostaki1, D Karayiannis3, C Schizas2, C Pattichis2,A Andreou2 and D Koutsouris1 abstract The provision of effective emergency telemedicine and home monitoring solutions are the major fields of interest discussed in this study. Ambulances, Rural Health Centers (RHC) or other remote health location such as Ships navigating in wide seas are mon examples of possible emergency sites, while critical care telemetry and telemedicine home followups are important issues of telemonitoring. In order to support the above different growing application fields we created a bined realtime and store and forward facility that consists of a base unit and a telemedicine (mobile) unit. This integrated system: can be used when handling emergency cases in ambulances, RHC or ships by using a mobile telemedicine unit at the emergency site and a base unit at the hospitalexpert39。在接收數(shù)據(jù)和與專家交談時(shí)，允許用戶在可自由模式下操作，這種先進(jìn)的人為控制界面提高了系統(tǒng)的功能性。 由上所述，圖 8 是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)臏y(cè)量。采用一種充分利用 帶寬的方法，使傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)要么充分大，要么充分小。要傳輸 n 字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)塊，使用 TCP/IP 協(xié)議，需在報(bào)頭另加 55 字節(jié)。采取什么方法主要取決于所使用的無(wú)線電通訊的最大數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率和不同情況下生理信號(hào)監(jiān)測(cè)器的數(shù)字輸出量。像我們這種情況使用 INMARAS 電話系統(tǒng)即可，而數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率僅僅是 2400bps，但儀器便宜，開銷少。 圖像傳輸 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療端數(shù)碼相機(jī)所能捕獲的圖像是 320*240 像素，采用的是 JPEG 進(jìn)行壓縮，最終數(shù)據(jù)大約是 56kB，取決于使用 JPEG 的壓縮率。持續(xù)操作時(shí)，基本端用戶可以向遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療監(jiān)測(cè)端發(fā)送指令對(duì)波形進(jìn)行測(cè)量，如血壓；用戶也可暫停輸入心電圖。醫(yī)生可以發(fā)送所有可能的命令來(lái)獲取圖像和生理信號(hào)，圖 6 顯示了一個(gè)典型的生理信號(hào)接收窗口（持續(xù)操作）。用戶還能夠監(jiān)測(cè)與客戶端（遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元）的連接狀態(tài)，發(fā)送像圖四那樣的操作模式（生理信號(hào)和圖像）到遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元。當(dāng)一個(gè)專家使用醫(yī)院以外的基本單元時(shí)，比如在重病特別護(hù)理病房，由圖一 用一臺(tái) GSM 的筆記本電腦或一臺(tái)裝有 POTS 調(diào)制解調(diào)的臺(tái)式機(jī)就可。計(jì)算機(jī)將自動(dòng)連接到基本單元。 b)要求半自動(dòng)，大小不限的，采用典型的奔騰處理機(jī)即可。 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元負(fù)責(zé)從易發(fā)地帶收集和傳輸生理信號(hào)和病人的肖像，而醫(yī)生單元負(fù)責(zé)接收和顯示輸入數(shù)據(jù)。醫(yī)生在緊急病例或檢測(cè)一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地方病人時(shí)可使用該系統(tǒng)。表一提供了這個(gè)總思路的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí) 兼顧了一系列可影響遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如價(jià)格、輕便性、自治性、裝置的重量和大小、計(jì)算機(jī)、攝像機(jī)的類型和質(zhì)量、所采用的通訊方法），除此之外遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的應(yīng)用還可通過(guò)其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)，像安全需要，傳輸類型（連續(xù)地存儲(chǔ)和轉(zhuǎn)送），心電圖要求等。遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療裝置負(fù)責(zé)收集病人的資料（生理信號(hào)和肖像），然后自動(dòng)把檢測(cè)到的信號(hào)傳送到基本單元。 減小這種事故的死亡率是完全可能的，可通過(guò)采用一些病人可更好地進(jìn)行院前護(hù)理、監(jiān)測(cè)的方法和策略。盡管救護(hù)車、鄉(xiāng)村衛(wèi)生所還有航海的輪船都可能發(fā)生緊急病例，但我們監(jiān)測(cè)的重點(diǎn)是醫(yī)療遙感勘測(cè)和后來(lái)的遠(yuǎn)程家庭醫(yī)療。目前，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)包括的工藝技術(shù)有交互式視頻、高清晰度監(jiān)視器、高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和交換系統(tǒng)及高速無(wú)線電機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 第 2 頁(yè) 共 19 頁(yè) 通信含纖維光學(xué)和衛(wèi)星。該系統(tǒng)技術(shù)上已被多個(gè)無(wú)線電通訊方法所檢測(cè)，另外它已在三個(gè)不同國(guó)家臨床試驗(yàn)，使用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)議。該系統(tǒng)可傳輸重要的生物信號(hào)包括病人的肖像。機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 第 1 頁(yè) 共 19 頁(yè) 中文 4961 字 出處： BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 2020, 2(7): 112 移動(dòng)通信在多功能遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 摘要： 本論文主要研究方向是對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療和家庭監(jiān)測(cè)提供有效的緊急措施。一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)可以用于在救護(hù)車、鄉(xiāng)村衛(wèi)生所和輪船上處理緊急醫(yī)療事故，只需在緊急情況處安裝一個(gè)可移動(dòng)的遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元，而在醫(yī)院專家處安裝一個(gè)基本單元；還可加強(qiáng)重病特別護(hù)理的防范工作，給重點(diǎn)護(hù)理組的醫(yī)生安裝一個(gè)基本可移動(dòng)單元，同時(shí)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元仍在重點(diǎn)護(hù)理病人所在地，這樣就可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)家庭的無(wú)線監(jiān)測(cè)，通過(guò)安裝遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元在病人的家里，而基本單元在醫(yī)院或者是醫(yī)生的辦公室。為了保護(hù)和存儲(chǔ)在遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療過(guò)程中相互交換的所有數(shù)據(jù)，我們又開發(fā)了一個(gè)咨詢單元，使用多媒體資料庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)和管理系統(tǒng)收集的數(shù)據(jù)。遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的概念是大約 30 年前隨著一些現(xiàn)在很普通的技術(shù)，比如電話、傳真機(jī)等提出的。在很多各種各樣的研究里，這個(gè)課題都是至關(guān)重要的。此外，同樣的調(diào)查表明 66﹪的死者是在死前最近的 24 小時(shí)喪身的。 方法 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 由上所述，本論文的研究范圍是設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)綜合的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)， 該系統(tǒng)可以處理不同距離醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的需要，尤其表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面： ? 給救護(hù)車，鄉(xiāng)村衛(wèi)生所（或其他偏遠(yuǎn)的衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)）和航海的輪船提供緊急醫(yī)療措施 ? 實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)重點(diǎn)護(hù)理病人的監(jiān)測(cè) 提供家庭護(hù)理，尤其是那些遭受慢性或永久性疾病的人（像心臟?。?，換句話說(shuō)，機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 第 3 頁(yè) 共 19 頁(yè) 我們研究的多功能系統(tǒng)由兩個(gè)主要部分組成： a. 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療單元（它可以是手提式電腦