【正文】 ents a new tipping point for the value of work puting. It delivers higher efficiency, massive scalability, and faster, easier software development. It’s about new programming models, new IT infrastructure, and the enabling of new business models. For those developers and enterprises who want to embrace cloud puting, Sun is developing critical technologies to deliver enterprise scale and systemic qualities to this new paradigm: (1) Interoperability — while most current clouds offer closed platforms and vendor lockin, developers clamor for interoperability. Sun’s opensource product strategy and Java? principles are focused on providing interoperability for largescale puting resources. Think of the existing cloud “islands” merging into a new, interoperable “Intercloud” where applications can be moved to and operate across multiple platforms. (2) Highdensity horizontal puting — Sun is pioneering highpowerdensity putenode architectures and extremescale Infiniband fabrics as part of our toptier HPC deployments. This highdensity technology is being incorporated into our largescale cloud designs. (3)Data in the cloud — More than just pute utilities, cloud puting is increasingly about petascale data. Sun’s Open Storage products offer hybrid data servers with unprecedented efficiency and performance for the emerging dataintensive puting applications that will bee a key part of the cloud. These technology bets are focused on driving more efficient largescale cloud deployments that can provide the infrastructure for nextgeneration business opportunities: social works, algorithmic trading, continuous risk analysis, and so on. 2. Why Cloud Computing? (1)Clouds: Much More Than Cheap Computing 2 Cloud puting brings a new level of efficiency and economy to delivering IT resources on demand — and in the process it opens up new business models and market opportunities. While many people think of current cloud puting offerings as purely “pay by the drink” pute platforms, they’re really a convergence of two major interdependent IT trends: IT Efficiency — Minimize costs where panies are converting their IT costs from capital expenses to operating expenses through technologies such as virtualization. Cloud puting begins as a way to improve infrastructure resource deployment and utilization, but fully exploiting this infrastructure eventually leads to a new application development model. Business Agility — Maximize return using IT as a petitive weapon through rapid time to market, integrated application stacks, instant machine image deployment, and petascale parallel programming. Cloud puting is embraced as a critical way to revolutionize time to service. But inevitably these services must be built on equally innovative rapiddeploymentinfrastructure models. To be sure, these trends have existed in the IT industry for years. However, the recent emergence of massive work bandwidth and virtualization technologies has enabled this transformation to a new servicesoriented infrastructure. Cloud puting enables IT anizations to increase hardware utilization rates dramatically, and to scale up to massive capacities in an instant — without constantly having to invest in new infrastructure, train new personnel, or license new software. It also creates new opportunities to build a better breed of work services, in less time, for less money. IT Efficiency on a Whole New Scale Cloud puting is all about efficiency. It provides a way to deploy and access everything from single systems to huge amounts of IT resources — on demand, in real time, at an affordable cost. It makes highperformance pute and highcapacity storage available to anyone with a credit card. And since the best cloud strategies build on concepts and tools that developers already know, clouds also have the potential to redefine the relationship between information technology and the developers and business units that depend on it. Reduce capital expenditures — Cloud puting makes it possible for panies to convert IT costs from capital expense to operating expense through technologies such as virtualization. Cut the cost of running a datacenter — Cloud puting improves infrastructure utilization 3 rates and streamlines resource management. For example, clouds allow for selfservice provisioning through APIs, bringing a higher level of automation to the datacenter and reducing management costs. Eliminate over provisioning — Cloud puting provides scaling on demand, which, when bined with utility pricing, removes the need to overprovision to meet demand. With cloud puting, panies can scale up to massive capacities in an instant. For those who think cloud puting is just fluff, take a closer look at the cloud offerings that are already available. Major Inter providers , Google, and others are leveraging their infrastructure investments and “sharing” their largescale economics. Already the bandwidth used by Amazon Web Services (AWS) exceeds that associated with their core etailing services. Forwardlooking enterprises of all types — from Web startups to global enterprises — are embracing cloud puting to reduce infrastructure costs. Faster, More Flexible Programming Cloud puting isn’t only about hardware — it’s also a programming revolution. Agile, easytoaccess, lightweight Web protocols — coupled with pervasive horizontally scaled architecture — can accelerate development cycles and time to market with new applications and services. New business functions are now just a script away. Accelerated cycles — The cloud puting model provides a faster, more efficient way to develop the new generation of applications and service